ArticleJournal of feline medicine and surgery2023
Can cat caregivers reliably assess acute pain in cats using the Feline Grimace Scale? A large bilingual global survey.
Article in Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- 2025 FelineVMA feline oral health and dental care guidelines.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2025Guideline
- CowPainCheck: AI-based facial expression analysis for dairy cow welfare.Journal of animal science and technology · 2026Review
- Assessing Cat Welfare: A Literature Review on Behavioural, Physiological and Health Parameters with a Focus on Animal-Assisted Services (AAS).Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- The effects of observer gender on feline acute pain assessment using three pain scoring instruments.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Analgesic practices for acute pain management in cats and dogs in Africa.The Journal of small animal practice · 2026Article
- A systematic review of acute pain scoring instruments and their measurement properties in cats and dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Perioperative drug management in non-critical companion animals: a retrospective study at a Spanish veterinary teaching hospital (2018-2022).The veterinary quarterly · 2025Article
- A Review of Assessment of Sow Pain During Farrowing Using Grimace Scores.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Development and Validation of an Owner-Assessed Feline Acute Pain Scale: Validation and Agreement with Veterinary Scales.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- How facial expressions reveal acute pain in domestic animals with facial pain scales as a diagnostic tool.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Clinical interpretation of body language and behavioral modifications to recognize pain in domestic mammals.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Automated video-based pain recognition in cats using facial landmarks.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Computational investigation of the social function of domestic cat facial signals.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effects of training on Feline Grimace Scale scoring for acute pain assessment in cats.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Behaviors suggestive of pain: the perceptions and veterinary-related decisions of cat guardians in the USA.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Video-based compilation of acute pain behaviours in cats.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Article
- Less experienced observers assess piglet castration-induced acute pain differently than experienced observers: A pilot study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Fully automated deep learning models with smartphone applicability for prediction of pain using the Feline Grimace Scale.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Construct validity, responsiveness and reliability of the Feline Grimace Scale in kittens.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to investigate if cat caregivers could reliably assess acute pain using the Feline Grimace Scale (FGS), and if participant demographics could affect scores.
methodsAn online survey in English and Spanish was advertised by International Cat Care and other platforms (March-May 2021) using convenience sampling. Eligible participants were caregivers >18 years old and non-veterinary health professionals. Participants and a group of eight veterinarians scored 10 images of cats with different levels of pain. Data were analysed using linear models and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC; α <0.05). Interpretation of the ICC was <0.2 = poor; 0.21-0.4 = reasonable; 0.41-0.60 = moderate; 0.61-0.80 = good; and 0.81-1.0 = very good.
resultsA total of 3039 responses were received with 1262 completed answers from 66 countries (86%, 11.1% and 2.9% identified as female, male or other, respectively). Scores for each action unit (AU; ear position, orbital tightening, muzzle tension, whiskers change and head position) and their sum (FGS score) were not significantly different between caregivers and veterinarians, except for muzzle (caregivers 0.9 ± 0.0; veterinarians 0.7 ± 0.1; CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Total FGS scores had good reliability when used by cat caregivers, regardless of demographic variables, showing the potential applicability of the instrument to improve feline pain management and welfare worldwide.
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