ReviewJMIR mental health2023
When Heart Beats Differently in Depression: Review of Nonlinear Heart Rate Variability Measures.
Review in JMIR mental health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Physical Activity, Heart Rate Variability and Major Depressive Disorders: An Umbrella Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review on mindfulness-based immersive interventions in depressive disorders.Npj mental health research · 2026Review
- Chaotic fluctuations mark the sign of mental activity in task-based heart rate variability.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Smart Devices and Multimodal Systems for Mental Health Monitoring: From Theory to Application.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Chaos to clarity: interpreting time series complexity metrics with an application to depression.Discover mental health · 2025Review
- Oscillatory components of bidirectional cardio-respiratory coupling in depression and suicidal ideation: insights from swarm decomposition and entropy analysis.Frontiers in network physiology · 2025Article
- Auxiliary identification of depression patients using interpretable machine learning models based on heart rate variability: a retrospective study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Continuous Monitoring of Heart Rate Variability and Respiration for the Remote Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Prospective Observational Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Observational
- Depression and coronary heart disease: mechanisms, interventions, and treatments.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Linear and Non-Linear Heart Rate Variability Indexes from Heart-Induced Mechanical Signals Recorded with a Skin-Interfaced IMU.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Editorial: Innovations in depression diagnosis and treatment outcome monitoring.Frontiers in digital health · 2023Article
- Progress in Objective Detection of Depression and Online Monitoring of Patients Based on Physiological Complexity.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDisturbed heart dynamics in depression seriously increases mortality risk. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a rich source of information for studying this dynamics. This paper is a meta-analytic review with methodological commentary of the application of nonlinear analysis of HRV and its possibility to address cardiovascular diseases in depression.
objectiveThis paper aimed to appeal for the introduction of cardiological screening to patients with depression, because it is still far from established practice. The other (main) objective of the paper was to show that nonlinear methods in HRV analysis give better results than standard ones.
methodsWe systematically searched on the web for papers on nonlinear analyses of HRV in depression, in line with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 framework recommendations. We scrutinized the chosen publications and performed random-effects meta-analysis, using the esci module in jamovi software where standardized effect sizes (ESs) are corrected to yield the proof of the practical utility of their results.
resultsIn all, 26 publications on the connection of nonlinear HRV measures and depression meeting our inclusion criteria were selected, examining a total of 1537 patients diagnosed with depression and 1041 healthy controls (N=2578). The overall ES (unbiased) was 1.03 (95% CI 0.703-1.35; diamond ratio 3.60). We performed 3 more meta-analytic comparisons, demonstrating the overall effectiveness of 3 groups of nonlinear analysis: detrended fluctuation analysis (overall ES 0.364, 95% CI 0.237-0.491), entropy-based measures (overall ES 1.05, 95% CI 0.572-1.52), and all other nonlinear measures (overall ES 0.702, 95% CI 0.422-0.982). The effectiveness of the applied methods of electrocardiogram analysis was compared and discussed in the light of detection and prevention of depression-related cardiovascular risk.
conclusionsWe compared the ESs of nonlinear and conventional time and spectral methods (found in the literature) and demonstrated that those of the former are larger, which recommends their use for the early screening of cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with depression to prevent possible deleterious events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.