ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2023
Long-term visit-to-visit variability in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with poor cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome.
Article in International urology and nephrology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- An early prediction model of steroid dependence or frequent relapses in nephrotic children: a multicentre retrospective cohort study in China.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Zhenwu decoction ameliorates adriamycin-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats via dual modulation of AVP-V2R-AQP2 and RAAS-MR-AQP3 pathways.Renal failure · 2025Article
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10 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
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Abstract
purposeIt is unclear whether long-term variability in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS).
methodsA large cohort of 1100 patients with primary NS underwent treatment and regular follow-up. Long-term variability in LDL-C was assessed by calculating its weighted standard deviation (w-SD). The primary endpoints of this study were the occurrence of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or kidney dysfunction. Factors associated with the w-SD of LDL-C were evaluated by linear regression. Associations of the w-SD of LDL-C with clinical outcomes were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression.
resultsOver a median follow-up of 44.8 (interquartile range, 26.8, 70.1) months, 198 patients developed ASCVD (45.9 cases per 1,000 patient-years), and 84 patients developed kidney dysfunction (17.6 cases per 1,000 patient-years). The incidence rates of the primary outcomes increased across the quartiles of the w-SD of LDL-C (log-rank, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that higher LDL-C variability was associated with an increased risk of ASCVD [hazard ratio (HR), 2.236; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.684-2.969, P < 0.001] and an increased risk of kidney dysfunction (HR, 3.047; 95% CI 2.240-4.144, P < 0.001). The results were similar after adjusting the w-SD of LDL-C by its related parameters (baseline and mean LDL-C as well as mean total cholesterol), although the mean LDL-C was also an independent risk factor for ASCVD and kidney dysfunction.
conclusionLong-term variability in LDL-C was independently associated with the risk of ASCVD and kidney dysfunction in NS patients.
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