SynthesisNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2023
Systematic literature review of immunoglobulin trends for anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis.
Synthesis in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypogammaglobulinemia and infections in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with anti-CD20 treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 19,139 multiple sclerosis patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Switch from intravenous anti-CD20 therapy to subcutaneous ofatumumab in patients with relapsing MS: results from the OLIKOS study.Journal of neurology · 2025Trial
- Impact of Anti-CD20 Therapies on Cytokine, Chemokine and Adhesion Molecule Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Real World Data of Laboratory Changes and Immunophenotyping in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Ofatumumab-Single Center Experience.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Real-world comparison of anti-CD20 therapies: efficacy, infections, and immune profiles in a German cohort.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Switching from anti-CD20 therapies to cladribine and vice versa - Analysis of a German relapsing multiple sclerosis cohort.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Ocrelizumab transiently alters microbiota and modulates immune response depending on treatment outcome.iScience · 2025Article
- BAFF is a marker of hypogammaglobulinemia, neuroaxonal damage and inflammation in multiple sclerosis patients on ocrelizumab.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia and lymphocytopenia in patients with inflammatory neurological diseases on anti-CD20 therapy: risk of infection and infection-related mortality.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- B- and T cell receptor sequencing elucidates characteristics of lymphocyte depletion by ocrelizumab.iScience · 2025Article
- Echovirus serotype 11 induced sepsis in a young female patient with multiple sclerosis treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody ocrelizumab.Infection · 2025Article
- Long-Term Evaluation of Effectiveness and Immunological Implications of Ocrelizumab in a Real-World Cohort.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2025Article
- Review
- Safety and Efficacy of Fingolimod and Ocrelizumab in Pediatric Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.Pediatric neurology · 2025Article
- Impact of previous treatment history and B-cell depletion treatment duration on infection risk in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a nationwide cohort study.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2024Article
- Hypogammaglobulinaemia during rituximab treatment in multiple sclerosis: A Swedish cohort study.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Early use of high-efficacy therapies in multiple sclerosis in the United States: benefits, barriers, and strategies for encouraging adoption.Journal of neurology · 2024Review
- Multiple Sclerosis, Rituximab, Hypogammaglobulinemia, and Risk of Infections.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Beyond lines of treatment: embracing early high-efficacy disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis management.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2024Review
- Planned dose reduction of ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a single-centre observational study.BMJ neurology open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo exp lore changes in immunoglobulin (Ig) levels for people with relapsing-multiple sclerosis (RMS) treated with ocrelizumab or ofatumumab and the relationship between Ig levels and infections.
methodsA systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify clinical trials and real-world evidence (RWE) studies on Ig levels over time and studies on associations with infections for ocrelizumab and ofatumumab for people with RMS through 10 September 2021. Searches were conducted in Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, trial registries, and recent conference abstracts.
resultsOf 1,580 articles identified, 30 reporting on 11 trials and 5 RWE studies were included. Ocrelizumab trials (n = 4) had 24-336 weeks of follow-up and reported decreasing Ig G (IgG) levels, while RWE (n = 5) had 52-78 weeks of follow-up and reported IgG to be stable or decrease only slightly. IgG levels were stable in ofatumumab trials (n = 5; 104-168 weeks of follow-up), but no RWE or longer-term studies were identified. No apparent association between decreased Ig levels and infections was observed during ofatumumab treatment (ASCLEPIOS I/II), while for ocrelizumab, the only data on apparent associations between decreased IgG levels and serious infection rates were for a pooled population of people with RMS or primary progressive MS.
conclusionDecreasing IgG levels have been correlated with increased infection risk over time. IgG levels appeared to decrease over time in ocrelizumab trials but remained relatively stable over time in ofatumumab trials. Additional research is needed to understand differences between ocrelizumab and ofatumumab and identify people at risk of decreasing IgG levels and infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.