ReviewClinical optometry2023
Artificial Tears: A Systematic Review.
Review in Clinical optometry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Efficacy of Oral Vitamin Supplementation in Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Pooled it
- British Society for Rheumatology guideline on management of adult and juvenile onset Sjögren disease.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Guideline
- A randomized crossover trial: The impact of ocular lubrication on migraine severity in persons with dry eye disease and migraine.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2025Trial
- Effect of different artificial tears on tear film parameters in dry eye disease.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2025Trial
- Patient Experience with ABBV-444, a Proof-of-Concept Study for a Novel Artificial Tear with Trehalose and Sodium Hyaluronate for Dry Eye Symptoms.Clinical optometry · 2025Trial
- Tear film stability in patients with symptoms of dry eye after instillation of dual polymer hydroxypropyl guar/sodium hyaluronate vs single polymer sodium hyaluronate.International ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- The Impact of a Smartphone Reminder Application on Artificial Tear Adherence in Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- A National Survey Including Data from 5986 Dry Eyes Treated with a Novel Tear Substitute Containing Ribohyal.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Assessment and management of dry eye disease in the UK: standardising reality-based best practice.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- AstroOphthalmology: ocular anterior segment.NPJ microgravity · 2026Review
- Marine-Derived Neoagarotetraose Alleviates Dry Eye Disease by Suppressing Inflammation and Apoptosis in a Murine Model.Marine drugs · 2026Article
- Retrospective analysis of U.S. Food and Drug Administration recalls of artificial tear solutions from 2014 to 2025.Journal of cataract and refractive surgery · 2026Article
- Current and Developing Therapeutics for Dry Eye Disease: Targeting Ion Channels.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Tannic Acid Achieves Rapid Scar-Free Corneal Healing by Chelating Excess Copper to Suppress Aberrant LOX-Mediated Fibrosis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Dual Evaluation ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- An In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect and Protection of Artificial Tear Formulations on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells in Normal and Dry Eye Disease States.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Practical Guide to the Local Treatment of Sjogren's Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Management of Dry Eye Disease with Artificial Tears Containing Hyaluronic Acid and Trehalose: A Narrative Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Effect of Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Solution 0.09% on Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease in Patients Inadequately Controlled on Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Emulsion 0.05%: Results from a Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase 4 Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Retrospective analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of fluorometholone combined with azelastine eye drops for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Artificial tears are the mainstay of dry eye disease management, but also have a role in corneal abrasion and wound healing, pain and inflammation management, conjunctivitis, keratitis, contact lens rewetting and removal, and foreign body removal. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (PROSPERO registration CRD42022369619) comparing the efficacy of artificial tears in patients with dry eye to inform prescribing choices using Web of Science, PubMed and Medline databases identified 64 relevant articles. There is good evidence that artificial tears improve symptoms of dry eye disease within a month of regular use, applied about four times a day, but signs generally take several months to improve. Not all patients with dry eye disease benefit from artificial tears, so if there is no benefit over a month, alternative management should be considered. Combination formulations are more effective than single active ingredient artificial tears. Artificial tears containing polyethylene glycol are more effective than those containing carboxymethylcellulose/carmellose sodium and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Those classified as having evaporative dry eye disease, benefit from artificial tears with liposomes, especially of higher concentration. The data available is limited by the definition of dry eye disease applied in published studies being variable, as well as the disease severity examined and compliance with artificial tears being rarely quantified.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.