Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36646723›Full record

ArticleNature communications2023

3D printing of thermosets with diverse rheological and functional applicabilities.

Yuxuan Sun, Liu Wang, Yangyang Ni, Huajian Zhang, Xiang Cui, Jiahao Li, Yinbo Zhu, Ji Liu, Shiwu Zhang, Yong Chen and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yuxuan SunDepartment of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
Liu WangCAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China. wangliu05@ustc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7014-9976
Yangyang NiDepartment of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
Huajian ZhangDepartment of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
Xiang CuiSchool of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
Jiahao LiCAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Yinbo ZhuCAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Ji LiuDepartment of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, 518055, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7171-405X
Shiwu ZhangDepartment of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
Yong ChenEpstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. yongchen@usc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-5914
Mujun LiDepartment of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China. lmn@ustc.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7488-5364

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 51475442
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Thermosets such as silicone are ubiquitous. However, existing manufacturing of thermosets involves either a prolonged manufacturing cycle (e.g., reaction injection molding), low geometric complexity (e.g., casting), or limited processable materials (e.g., frontal polymerization). Here, we report an in situ dual heating (ISDH) strategy for the rapid 3D printing of thermosets with complex structures and diverse rheological properties by incorporating direct ink writing (DIW) technique and a heating-accelerated in situ gelation mechanism. Enabled by an integrated Joule heater at the printhead, extruded thermosetting inks can quickly cure in situ, allowing for DIW of various thermosets with viscosities spanning five orders of magnitude, printed height over 100 mm, and high resolution of 50 μm. We further demonstrate DIW of a set of heterogenous thermosets using multiple functional materials and present a hybrid printing of a multilayer soft electronic circuit. Our ISDH strategy paves the way for fast manufacturing of thermosets for various emerging fields.

Identifiers

PMID36646723
PMCPMC9842742

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.