Observational studyJMIR public health and surveillance2023
The Association of Acute Signs and Symptoms of COVID-19 and Exacerbation of Depression and Anxiety in Patients With Clinically Mild COVID-19: Retrospective Observational Study.
Observational study in JMIR public health and surveillance, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiac symptoms in patients 3-6 months after contracting COVID-19- data from the polish STOP-COVID registry.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Impact of Omicron-Variant SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Depression and Anxiety: A Community-Based Study in Korea.Psychiatry investigation · 2024Article
- Influence of experiencing SARS-CoV-2 infection on anxiety levels in Chinese patients undergoing third molar surgery.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Exploring depressive symptom trajectories in COVID-19 patients with clinically mild condition in South Korea using remote patient monitoring: longitudinal data analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo date, the association between acute signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and the exacerbation of depression and anxiety in patients with clinically mild COVID-19 has not been evaluated.
objectiveThis study was designed to assess the correlation between acute signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and the exacerbation of depression and anxiety in patients with clinically mild COVID-19 at a residential treatment center in South Korea.
methodsThis retrospective study assessed 2671 patients with COVID-19 admitted to 4 residential treatment centers operated by Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea, from March 2020 to April 2022. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) and 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) scale, respectively. The exacerbation of depression and anxiety symptoms was identified from the differences in PHQ-2 and GAD-2 scores between admission and discharge, respectively. The patients' clinical characteristics, including acute signs and symptoms of COVID-19, GAD-2 and PHQ-2 scores, were obtained from electronic health records. Demographic characteristics, a summary of vital signs, and COVID-19 symptoms were analyzed and compared between the patient groups with and those without exacerbated PHQ-2 and GAD-2 scores using the chi-square test. We applied logistic regression to identify the association between acute signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and the exacerbation of depression and anxiety.
resultsSleep disorders were associated with exacerbated depression (odds ratio [OR] 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.13) and anxiety (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.06-1.14), and the sore throat symptom was associated with exacerbated anxiety symptoms (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.07). Patients with abnormal oxygen saturation during quarantine were more likely to have exacerbated depression (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.00-1.62), and those with an abnormal body temperature during quarantine were more likely to experience anxiety (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.16). As anticipated, patients who experienced psychological symptoms at admission were more likely to experience depression (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.52-2.41) and anxiety (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.54-2.53). Meanwhile, the PHQ-2 and GAD-2 scores measured at admission revealed that lower the score, higher the possibility of exacerbation of both depression (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.11-0.22) and anxiety (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.10-0.19).
conclusionsResults from this study suggest the importance of further interventions for patients with abnormal oxygen saturation, abnormal body temperatures, sore throat, and sleep disorder symptoms or initial psychological symptoms to mitigate the exacerbation of depression and anxiety. In addition, this study highlights the usability of short and efficient scales such as the PHQ-2 and GAD-2 in the assessment of the mental health of patients with clinically mild COVID-19 symptoms who were quarantined at home during the pandemic era.
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