ArticleAutism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research2023
Prevalence and treatment of mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders in children with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A population-based study.
Article in Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Youth With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between small for gestational age and mental disorders.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Telehealth-Based Parent-Mediated Pivotal Response Treatment for Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- From risk to resilience: a narrative overview of modifiable factors influencing anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder (part II).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Functional connectivity patterns differ as a function of co-occurring attentional problems in preschoolers with autism.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2025Article
- Affiliate Stigma, Perceived Social Support and Parenting Stress Among Parents of Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Impact of ADHD Coexistence on Internet Addiction Symptoms in Children with ASD: Effects of Family- and School-Related Factors and Sex Differences.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- The Psychometric Properties of the Iranian Version of Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) Questionnaire in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Developmental functional brain network abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Expedition of Luteolin against Brain-related Disorders: An Updated Review.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Review
- Exploring the potential link between ADHD, anxiety, autism, and cancer risk.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- The unique cognitive phenotype of ASD + ADHD co-occurrence: evidence for planning and attention deficits as a differentiating approach.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in unmet need for mental health care among children: A nationally representative study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Verbal Responsiveness in Parents of Toddlers With and Without Autism During a Home Observation.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Relationships between Sensory Processing and Executive Functions in Children with Combined ASD and ADHD Compared to Typically Developing and Single Disorder Groups.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Mental health challenges faced by autistic people.Nature human behaviour · 2023Review
- Individually tailored dosage regimen of full-spectrum Cannabis extracts for autistic core and comorbid symptoms: a real-life report of multi-symptomatic benefits.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Anxiety, Depression, and Behavioural Problems Among US Children and Adolescents, 2016-2022.Infant and child developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is a lack of nationally representative studies examining the co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. This study examines comorbid mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders (MBDDs) and associated treatment modalities for children with co-occurring ASD and ADHD. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using data from the pooled 2016-2018 National Survey of Children's Health (sample n = 102,341). Nationally representative prevalences were estimated for sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, psychotropic medication, and behavioral treatment. We assessed multivariable associations between co-occurring ASD + ADHD and MBDDs, use of psychotropic medication, and receipt of behavioral treatment after adjustment for sociodemographic confounders. Compared to children with ASD without co-occurring ADHD, children with ASD + ADHD had higher prevalence of most MBDDs, including anxiety (AOR 4.03 [95% CI 2.77, 4.87]), depression (AOR 3.08 [95% CI 1.77, 5.36]), behavior or conduct problems (AOR 4.06 [95% CI 2.72, 6.06]), and other mental health conditions. Similarly, compared to children with ADHD without ASD, children with ASD + ADHD had higher odds of anxiety (AOR 3.49 [95% CI 2.65, 4.61]), depression (AOR 1.67 [95% CI 1.21, 2.29]), behavior or conduct problems (AOR 2.31 [95% CI 1.68, 3.17]), and other mental health conditions. Children with ASD + ADHD were significantly more likely to take psychotropic medication than children with ASD without ADHD. Among children with ASD + ADHD, males had higher odds of receiving behavioral treatment, whereas older children and adolescents were more likely to take psychotropic medication. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to support the complex needs of these children.
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Registered trials
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