ArticleTransgender health2022
Nonuptake of HIV Testing Among Transgender Populations in the United States: Results from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey.
Article in Transgender health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- The HIV Landscape for Transgender Women Living in Southwest Asia and North Africa: A Scoping Review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- HIV Self-Test Program Preferences Among Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Southern United States: A Discrete Choice Experiment.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Adaptation of a Protocol to Evaluate Online Recruitment Strategies for Mailing HIV Self-Tests and Pilot an Intervention to Improve Linkage to HIV Prevention and Care Among Transgender Women: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- HIV testing experiences and perceptions among Black transgender and nonbinary people in New Orleans, LA.Journal of HIV/AIDS & social services · 2026Article
- Barriers and Facilitators to PrEP Adherence among Transgender and Non-binary Individuals: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Psychosocial Factors and Health Belief Model Constructs.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Factors Associated with Use of Protective Barriers Against HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections During Sexual Behavior in Transmasculine and Nonbinary Adults from Argentina.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- HIV Testing and PrEP Use Among Trans and/or Non-binary Participants in the TASG Study, a Participatory Study in Germany.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators for optimizing HIV screening target trans women in Taiwan: Convergent mixed-method design.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- Infections Following Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: A Single-Center Experience.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Awareness and Use Among Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals in Canada.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2024Article
- Non-uptake of HIV testing among trans men and trans women: cross-sectional study of client records from 2017 to 2019 in a community-based transgender health center in Metro Manila, Philippines.BMC public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we examined the nonuptake of HIV testing and the main reasons for never testing among transgender populations. Methods: Data on 26,927 respondents from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey were analyzed in this study. The main reasons for never testing were categorized as low risk perception; access related; fear or HIV-related stigma; and others. We performed weighted descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analyses, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and sexual orientation. Results: Forty-five percent of the respondents had never tested for HIV. Trans women (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.07-1.25) and assigned female at birth genderqueer/nonbinary individuals (AFAB GQ/NB) (aOR=1.3, 95% CI=1.16-1.35) had significantly higher odds of reporting never testing for HIV compared with trans men. The most reported reason for never testing was low risk perception (87%). AFAB GQ/NB (aOR=1.4, 95% CI=1.22-1.66) had significantly higher odds of reporting low risk perception as the main reason for never testing for HIV relative to trans men. AFAB GQ/NB were less likely to report access related as the main reason for never testing (aOR=0.8, 95% CI=0.56-0.95). The odds of trans women and assigned male at birth GQ/NB individuals reporting fear or HIV-related stigma as the main reason for never testing were 1.7 (95% CI=1.13-2.55) and 2.8 (95% CI=1.69-4.70) times that of trans men. Both trans women (aOR=0.8, 95% CI=0.65-0.97) and AFAB GQ/NB (aOR=0.7, 95% CI=0.60-0.88) had lower odds of reporting others. The main reasons for never testing also varied by sociodemographic factors, including age, educational attainment, race/ethnicity, employment status, poverty, and sexual orientation. Conclusions: HIV testing is suboptimal among transgender populations. Our findings also suggest that barriers to HIV testing vary by transgender populations, thus interventions for improved uptake should be population specific.
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