Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36644095›Full record

ArticleCureus2022

Determining the Effect of COVID-19 on the Menstrual Cycle Among Women of Reproductive Age Group in the Jazan Region: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Uma H Chourasia, Ali H Khormi, Hanan A Jawkhab, Shahad I Zoli, Kholoud A Assiri, Shaden A Thurwi, Saleha H Alhazmi, Altaf A Alhazmi, Jawahir M Homadi, Raneem K Zakri and 2 more

Open access · diamondAbstract read
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Article in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Uma H ChourasiaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Ali H KhormiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Hanan A JawkhabFaculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Shahad I ZoliFaculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Kholoud A AssiriFaculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Shaden A ThurwiFaculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Saleha H AlhazmiFaculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Altaf A AlhazmiDepartment of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Jawahir M HomadiDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Raneem K ZakriFaculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Nada Y KenaniFaculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Ibrahim M DighririDepartment of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Taif, SAU.
King Abdulaziz Hospital · SAJazan University · SA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has gravely affected the world in various ways. COVID-19 is a major health crisis, with long-term physical and mental health consequences. Many women reported menstrual irregularities during and after the pandemic. The study aimed to assess the effects of COVID-19 on menstrual cycles in females of reproductive age in the Jazan region. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was utilized to conduct the study in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 346 women aged 18-44 years who had normal menstrual cycles for more than a year before the outbreak and had a history of COVID-19 infection.

resultThe questionnaire was completed by 346 women. Only 144 (41.6%) of the study's respondents were aged 25-34 years. Of the respondents, 283 (81.8%) were university students, and 219 (63.3%) were married. The majority of women (337, 97.4%) were vaccinated against COVID-19. A total of 301 (87.0%) were healthy. Before being infected with COVID-19, 19.70% of the responders had irregular periods, which increased to 59.50% during infection and 33.20% after getting better. There was a relationship between the regularity of menstrual periods during COVID-19 infection and the duration of menstrual periods after COVID-19 (p = 0.035); the frequency of menstrual periods before (p = 0.001), during (p = 0.009), and after (p = 0.001) COVID-19; menstrual period regularity before (p = 0.001) and after (p = 0.001) COVID-19 infection; and pain severity level during (p = 0.001) and after (p = 0.004) COVID-19 infection. Regarding the perception of the impact of COVID-19 on menstrual changes, there was an association between COVID-19 infection and variation in days during two consecutive menstrual cycles (p = 0.001), changes in the duration of menstrual cycles (p = 0.022), delayed or absent menstruation (p = 0.019), and menstruation stopping (p = 0.023).

conclusionThe research demonstrated the COVID-19 pandemic is an international health problem that affects women, leading to changes in regularity, duration, frequency, and severity of pain. These changes may have a long-term impact on women's reproductive health.

Indexed as

coronavirus disease 2019covid-19dysmenorrheafigojazanmenstrual cycle

Identifiers

PMID36644095
PMCPMC9832938
OpenAlexW4311320984

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.