Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36642315›Full record

ArticleJournal of affective disorders2023

COVID-19-related direct and vicarious racial discrimination: Associations with psychological distress among U.S. college students.

Anjeli R Macaranas, Abdelrahman ElTohamy, Sunah Hyun, David H Chae, Courtney Stevens, Justin A Chen, Cindy H Liu

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Anjeli R MacaranasHarvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Abdelrahman ElTohamyHarvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Sunah HyunDepartment of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
David H ChaeDepartment of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Courtney StevensDepartment of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, OR, USA.
Justin A ChenHarvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Cindy H LiuHarvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: chliu@bwh.harvard.edu.
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USHarvard University · USHarvard University Press · USMassachusetts General Hospital · USTulane University · US

Funding

Stuart T. Hauser Research Training Program in Biological and Social Psychiatry.T32MH016259 · NIMH · JUDGE BAKER CHILDREN'S CENTER · PI Marek Kubicki, Martha E. Shenton · 1985 to 2026
$8.4M
NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH016259
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by a myriad of racist incidents targeting minorities in the U.S. Young adults are susceptible to direct and vicarious (indirect) pandemic-related racial discrimination. We sought to examine associations between both types of discrimination experiences and psychological distress among college students across different racial groups.

methodsWe analyzed self-reported data from 64,041 undergraduate students from the Spring 2021 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment. Logistic regression examined odds of severe distress based on self-reported exposure to direct and vicarious racial discrimination.

resultsEven after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and prior mental health diagnoses, there was a significant association between direct discrimination and distress among Asian (AOR: 1.3, p < 0.001), Hispanic (AOR: 1.6, p < 0.001), and Multiracial (AOR: 1.4, p < 0.001) students. Vicarious discrimination was significantly associated with distress among White (AOR: 1.4, p < 0.001), Asian (AOR: 1.4, p < 0.001), Hispanic (AOR: 1.5, p < 0.001), and Multiracial (AOR: 1.3, p < 0.001) students. Further analysis considering distress as a continuous measure revealed a significant association between vicarious discrimination and distress for Black participants (β = 0.9, p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Self-reported variables are susceptible to recall bias. Minority racial group analyses may be underpowered.

conclusionsOur findings reveal an overall link between both direct and vicarious racial discrimination and distress across several racial groups. Further studies should examine effective mental health interventions and anti-racism initiatives to support students who have experienced direct or vicarious discrimination due to COVID-19.

Indexed as

COVID-19Psychological DistressRacismHumansPandemicsStudentsYoung AdultCOVID-19KesslerPsychological distressRaceVicarious discriminationYoung adults

Identifiers

PMID36642315
PMCPMC9837219
OpenAlexW4316038209

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.