ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2023
How the rural risk environment underpins hepatitis C risk: Qualitative findings from rural southern Illinois, United States.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Convenience, rapport and skill: effective rural hepatitis C treatment, qualitative findings from a mobile harm reduction-informed tele-medicine intervention in Northern New England, 2022-2024.Harm reduction journal · 2026Trial
- Peer-assisted telemedicine hepatitis-C treatment for people who use drugs in rural communities: a mixed methods study.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Trial
- Identifying communities at elevated risk of hepatitis C infection in Los Angeles County: an ecological study using machine learning.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Untangling the Web of Hepatitis C Risk in Rural Communities.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Preferences for clinical trial participation among people who use drugs in rural Oregon and Appalachian Ohio.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Trends in Mortality Caused by Hepatitis C Virus in the United States Population: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study Using the CDC WONDER Database.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- Prevalence and correlates of multiple injections per injection episode among people who inject drugs in rural U.S. communities.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Review
- Sexual identity, sexual behavior, and drug use behaviors among people who use drugs in the rural U.S.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Medicaid Policy and Hepatitis C Treatment Among Rural People Who Use Drugs.Medical care · 2025Article
- Serious Bacterial Infections and Hepatitis C Virus Among People Who Inject Drugs: A Syndemic or Intertwined Epidemics?Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- "I'm tired of seeing my friends die": Barriers and facilitators to participating in clinical trials among rural people who use drugs in the United States.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025Article
- Article
- No Patient Left Behind: A Novel Paradigm to Fulfill Hepatitis C Virus Treatment for Rural Patients.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Prevalence and associated risk factors of hepatitis C antibody and RNA among people who inject drugs in Puerto Rico.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Article
- The relationship between felt stigma and non-fatal overdose among rural people who use drugs.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Updated Clinical Guidelines on the Management of Hepatitis C Infection in Children.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A National Portrait of Public Attitudes toward Opioid Use in the US: A Latent Class Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Implementation Evaluation of a Multicomponent Intervention to Address the Infectious Disease and Overdose Syndemic Among People Who Use Drugs in Rural Settings.Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMPArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has increased among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States with disproportionate burden in rural areas. We use the Risk Environment framework to explore potential economic, physical, social, and political determinants of hepatitis C in rural southern Illinois.
methodsNineteen in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with PWID from August 2019 through February 2020 (i.e., pre-COVID-19 pandemic) and four with key informants who professionally worked with PWID. Interviews were recorded, professionally transcribed, and coded using qualitative software. We followed a grounded theory approach for coding and analyses.
resultsWe identify economic, physical, policy, and social factors that may influence HCV transmission risk and serve as barriers to HCV care. Economic instability and lack of economic opportunities, a lack of physically available HCV prevention and treatment services, structural stigma such as policies that criminalize drug use, and social stigma emerged in interviews as potential risks for transmission and barriers to care.
conclusionThe rural risk environment framework acknowledges the importance of community and structural factors that influence HCV infection and other disease transmission and care. We find that larger structural factors produce vulnerabilities and reduce access to resources, which negatively impact hepatitis C disease outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.