ArticleScientific reports2023
Hybrid and herd immunity 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 exposure among individuals from a community treatment program.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Repeated COVID-19 Vaccination as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective, Single-Center Cohort Study.Cancers · 2025Article
- Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection affects adaptive immune responses to Omicron BA.4/BA.5 mRNA booster.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Replication-incompetent VSV-based vaccine elicits protective responses against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.Science advances · 2025Article
- Comparing frequency of booster vaccination to prevent severe COVID-19 by risk group in the United States.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Current German Recommendations and International Research on the Use of COVID-19 Boosters among Health Care Providers in 2024: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Enhancing Immunological Memory: Unveiling Booster Doses to Bolster Vaccine Efficacy Against Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Mutant Variants.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: Lessons Learned from the Registrational Trials and Global Vaccination Campaign.Cureus · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccination enhances the effector qualities of spike-specific T cells induced by COVID-19.Science immunology · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and Diarylamidines: The Parasitic Connection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The death rate from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in 2022 was lower than the death rate in 2021, when the infection rate increased. Hybrid immunity provided by a combination of vaccination and infection, including asymptomatic infection, may confer effective protection against death. We explored the combined effect of asymptomatic infection and hybrid immunity by studying T-cell and antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 among individuals treated in home health care services 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was demonstrated in 24.4% of close contacts. The levels of immunity were not different between patients and close contacts. Anti-RBD IgG against SARS-CoV-2 increased in a dose-dependent manner with the number of vaccine doses. Interestingly, the T-cell response decreased soon after a booster dose of vaccine. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection could not enhance immunity against SARS-CoV-2 among vaccinated close contacts. Full vaccination was crucial to provide hybrid immunity. However, when designing vaccine strategies, T-cell exhaustion after multiple vaccinations should be considered.
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