ArticleImmunology2023
Soluble programmed death ligand-1-induced immunosuppressive effects on chimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cells targeting Glypican-3 in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Article in Immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural killer cell-based therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): A literature review.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Emerging Immune-Based Therapeutic Strategies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Review
- The role of PD‑1/PD‑L1 axis in liver diseases.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Glypican-3-Specific CAR NK Cells Co-Secreting IL-15 and IFN-α Have Increased Anti-Tumor Function Versus Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Precision sniper for solid tumors: CAR-NK cell therapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Review
- Natural killer cell therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Multiplex immunohistochemistry to explore the tumor immune microenvironment in HCC patients with different GPC3 expression.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- CAR-NK cells for gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy: from bench to bedside.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- CAR-T cell combination therapies in hematologic malignancies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Soluble immune checkpoints: implications for cancer prognosis and response to immune checkpoint therapy and conventional therapies.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Review
- Review
- Timing of anti-PD-L1 antibody initiation affects efficacy/toxicity of CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for large B-cell lymphoma.Blood advances · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although the pre-clinical study of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-natural killer (NK) cell was effective against various tumours, immunosuppression mediated by tumour microenvironment hampers their application and several efforts have been explored to improve their effect in combating solid tumours. Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a promising target for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and CAR-T cells targeting GPC3 have been tested in clinical trials. Based on an affinity-enhanced antibody (hYP7) targeting GPC3, we constructed GPC3-CAR-NK cells to explore their potential function in the treatment of HCC. We found that patients with HCC secreted high levels of soluble programmed death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1), which inhibits the function of CAR-NK cells targeting GPC3. In addition, we combined high-affinity sPD-L1 variant (L3C7c-Fc) with GPC3-CAR-NK cells to solve the problem of GPC3-CAR-NK inhibition. Our studies demonstrated that L3C7c-Fc could enhance the therapeutic effect of CAR-NK cells by reversing the suppression of sPD-L1, which provides the experimental evidence for the subsequent development of HCC immunotherapy strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.