ReviewThe journal of physical chemistry. B2023
NMR Studies of Aromatic Ring Flips to Probe Conformational Fluctuations in Proteins.
Review in The journal of physical chemistry. B, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetically Encoded Pentafluorophenylalanine Enables Quantitative Probing of Local Protein Malleability by 19F NMR.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Pressure-Dependent Aromatic Ring Flips Reveal Variable Transition-State Volume and Compressibility Among Structural Regions of BPTI.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Article
- Aromatic ring flips reveal reshaping of protein dynamics in crystals and complexes.Nature chemistry · 2026Article
- Induced opening of conformational switch I in GTP-bound Ran GTPase.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- The Enigmatic Conserved Q134-F135-N137 Triad in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: A Conformational Transducer?Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Chemical Mechanism of Allosteric and Asymmetric Dark Reversion in a Bacterial Phytochrome Uncovered by Cryo-EM.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Direct detection of an NH-π hydrogen bond in an intrinsically disordered peptide.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Analyzing the Energetics of the Four Aromatic Ring Interactions: Theoretical Study.The journal of physical chemistry. A · 2025Article
- Article
- Changes in the Aqueous Solvent do not Impact the Internal Ring-Flip Dynamic of Fully Buried F52 in Protein GB1.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025Article
- Stabilization of a protein by a single halogen-based aromatic amplifier.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- A combined NMR and deep neural network approach for enhancing the spectral resolution of aromatic side chains in proteins.Science advances · 2024Article
- Proton Transfer Kinetics in Histidine Side Chains Determined by pH-Dependent Multi-Nuclear NMR Relaxation.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- Improved spectral resolution of [Journal of biomolecular NMR · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aromatic residues form a significant part of the protein core, where they make tight interactions with multiple surrounding side chains. Despite the dense packing of internal side chains, the aromatic rings of phenylalanine and tyrosine residues undergo 180° rotations, or flips, which are mediated by transient and large-scale "breathing" motions that generate sufficient void volume around the aromatic ring. Forty years after the seminal work by Wagner and Wüthrich, NMR studies of aromatic ring flips are now undergoing a renaissance as a powerful means of probing fundamental dynamic properties of proteins. Recent developments of improved NMR methods and isotope labeling schemes have enabled a number of advances in addressing the mechanisms and energetics of aromatic ring flips. The nature of the transition states associated with ring flips can be described by thermodynamic activation parameters, including the activation enthalpy, activation entropy, activation volume, and also the isothermal volume compressibility of activation. Consequently, it is of great interest to study how ring flip rate constants and activation parameters might vary with protein structure and external conditions like temperature and pressure. The field is beginning to gather such data for aromatic residues in a variety of environments, ranging from surface exposed to buried. In the future, the combination of solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy together with molecular dynamics simulations and other computational approaches is likely to provide detailed information about the coupled dynamics of aromatic rings and neighboring residues. In this Perspective, we highlight recent developments and provide an outlook toward the future.
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