Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36639800›Full record

ArticleGenome biology2023

Systematic optimization of Cas12a base editors in wheat and maize using the ITER platform.

Christophe Gaillochet, Alexandra Peña Fernández, Vera Goossens, Katelijn D'Halluin, Andrzej Drozdzecki, Myriam Shafie, Julie Van Duyse, Gert Van Isterdael, Camila Gonzalez, Mattias Vermeersch and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
14.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Wheat's Up with CRISPR-Cas-Current Advances, Obstacles and Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
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  10. Advances and Applications of Plant Base Editing Technologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
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  13. CRISPR-Cas applications in agriculture and plant research.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Christophe GaillochetDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Alexandra Peña FernándezDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Vera GoossensScreening Core, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Katelijn D'HalluinBASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV, Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Andrzej DrozdzeckiScreening Core, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Myriam ShafieBASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV, Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Julie Van DuyseVIB Flow Core, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Gert Van IsterdaelVIB Flow Core, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Camila GonzalezDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Mattias VermeerschDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Jonas De SaegerDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Ward DeveltereDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Dominique AudenaertScreening Core, VIB, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
David De VleesschauwerBASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV, Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Frank MeulewaeterBASF Belgium Coordination Center CommV, Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
Thomas B JacobsDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium. thjac@psb.ugent.be.ORCID 0000-0002-5408-492X
Ghent University · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTesting an ever-increasing number of CRISPR components is challenging when developing new genome engineering tools. Plant biotechnology has few high-throughput options to perform iterative design-build-test-learn cycles of gene-editing reagents. To bridge this gap, we develop ITER (Iterative Testing of Editing Reagents) based on 96-well arrayed protoplast transfections and high-content imaging.

resultsWe validate ITER in wheat and maize protoplasts using Cas9 cytosine and adenine base editors (ABEs), allowing one optimization cycle - from design to results - within 3 weeks. Given that previous LbCas12a-ABEs have low or no activity in plants, we use ITER to develop an optimized LbCas12a-ABE. We show that sequential improvement of five components - NLS, crRNA, LbCas12a, adenine deaminase, and linker - leads to a remarkable increase in activity from almost undetectable levels to 40% on an extrachromosomal GFP reporter. We confirm the activity of LbCas12a-ABE at endogenous targets in protoplasts and obtain base-edited plants in up to 55% of stable wheat transformants and the edits are transmitted to T1 progeny. We leverage these improvements to develop a highly mutagenic LbCas12a nuclease and a LbCas12a-CBE demonstrating that the optimizations can be broadly applied to the Cas12a toolbox.

conclusionOur data show that ITER is a sensitive, versatile, and high-throughput platform that can be harnessed to accelerate the development of genome editing technologies in plants. We use ITER to create an efficient Cas12a-ABE by iteratively testing a large panel of vector components. ITER will likely be useful to create and optimize genome editing reagents in a wide range of plant species.

Indexed as

CRISPR-Cas SystemsZea maysGene EditingMutagenesisTriticumBase editingCas12aCas9CRISPRHigh-content imagingPlant biotechnologyProtoplasts

Identifiers

PMID36639800
PMCPMC9838060
OpenAlexW4315865123

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.