ReviewCardiovascular toxicology2023
Review of Case Reports on Adverse Events Related to Pre-workout Supplements Containing Synephrine.
Review in Cardiovascular toxicology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unexplained Supraventricular Tachycardia and Myocardial Injury After Bitter Orange Supplement Use in a Young Woman.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Potential Cardiovascular Risks of Phenethylamine Analogues in Food Supplements: Evidence from Vasocontraction of Rat Artery Segments.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Article
- The mechanism of electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation and current research status of natural drugs and active ingredients inhibiting atrial electrical remodeling.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- [Food supplements and fortified foods: benefits, risks and approaches to consumer protection].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2025Article
- Article
- Quantitative in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation of human adrenergic and trace amine-associated receptor 1 potencies of pre-workout supplement ingredients using physiologically based kinetic modelling-based reverse dosimetry.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Pre-Workout Supplements and Their Effects on Cardiovascular Health: An Integrative Review.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- p-Synephrine: an overview of physicochemical properties, toxicity, biological and pharmacological activity.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- Article
- Synephrine and Its Derivative Compound A: Common and Specific Biological Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Notifications and Health Consequences of Unauthorized Pharmaceuticals in Food Supplements.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- High Doses of Caffeine-Induced Cerebral Infarction Leading to Partial Locked-In Syndrome in a Young Adult: A Novel Association?Case reports in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of pre-workout supplements has become increasingly popular, including the use of supplements containing synephrine. Synephrine might stimulate weight loss and improve sports performance by its proposed adrenergic properties. However, with its increasing popularity, numerous cases of adverse events related to synephrine use have been reported. This study provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of current case reports related to the supplemental use of synephrine. The scientific literature on cases of adverse events related to synephrine intake was collected through August 2021 using Pubmed and Google Scholar and subsequently reviewed and analysed. We obtained 30 case reports describing a total of 35 patients who suffered from medical complaints following use of synephrine-containing supplements. The patients most often presented with chest pain, palpitations, syncope and dizziness. Commonly raised diagnoses were ischaemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias and cerebrovascular disease. Five patients were left disabled or remained on medication at last follow-up. We here show an association between the use of pre-workout supplements containing synephrine and adverse events, mainly related to the cardiovascular system. However, we cannot exclude a role of possible confounding factors such as caffeine. Thus, the use of pre-workout supplements containing synephrine may lead to serious adverse health events, and therefore, caution is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.