ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
Locomotion of bovine spermatozoa during the transition from individual cells to bundles.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Elucidating motion patterns in sperm cell motion with dynamic mode decomposition.Journal of biological physics · 2026Article
- Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Multiorifice acoustic microrobot for boundary-free multimodal 3D swimming.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Evolutionary Aspects of Sperm Physiology and Its Assessment.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Exploring sperm cell motion dynamics: Insights from genetic algorithm-based analysis.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Various locomotion strategies employed by microorganisms are observed in complex biological environments. Spermatozoa assemble into bundles to improve their swimming efficiency compared to individual cells. However, the dynamic mechanisms for the formation of sperm bundles have not been fully characterized. In this study, we numerically and experimentally investigate the locomotion of spermatozoa during the transition from individual cells to bundles of two cells. Three consecutive dynamic behaviors are found across the course of the transition: hydrodynamic attraction/repulsion, alignment, and synchronization. The hydrodynamic attraction/repulsion depends on the relative orientation and distance between spermatozoa as well as their flagellar wave patterns and phase shift. Once the heads are attached, we find a stable equilibrium of the rotational hydrodynamics resulting in the alignment of the heads. The synchronization results from the combined influence of hydrodynamic and mechanical cell-to-cell interactions. Additionally, we find that the flagellar beat is regulated by the interactions during the bundle formation, whereby spermatozoa can synchronize their beats to enhance their swimming velocity.
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