ArticleAmino acids2023
Carnosine increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and reduces methylglyoxal-modified proteins in type-2 diabetic human skeletal muscle cells.
Article in Amino acids, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of carnosine or beta-alanine supplementation therapy for prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- β-alanine supplementation in adults with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled feasibility trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Trial
- Considerations for Carnosine Actions in Biology.Neurochemical research · 2026Review
- Histidine-Containing Dipeptides in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Scoping Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Article
- N-acetylcarnosine attenuates age-associated declines in multi-organ systems to improve survival.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Acetylcholine Sustains LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cell Migration, Invasion and Proliferation Through Glyoxalase 1/MG-H1 Axis with the Involvement of Osteopontin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Sitting Interruption Modalities during Prolonged Sitting Acutely Improve Postprandial Metabolome in a Crossover Pilot Trial among Postmenopausal Women.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Glyoxalase I is a novel target for the prevention of metabolic derangement.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is characterised by a dysregulation of metabolism, including skeletal muscle insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Reactive species, such as methylglyoxal (MGO) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), positively associate with T2D disease severity and can directly interfere with insulin signalling and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle by modifying cellular proteins. The multifunctional dipeptide carnosine, and its rate-limiting precursor β-alanine, have recently been shown to improve glycaemic control in humans and rodents with diabetes. However, the precise mechanisms are unclear and research in human skeletal muscle is limited. Herein, we present novel findings in primary human T2D and lean healthy control (LHC) skeletal muscle cells. Cells were differentiated to myotubes, and treated with 10 mM carnosine, 10 mM β-alanine, or control for 4-days. T2D cells had reduced ATP-linked and maximal respiration compared with LHC cells (p = 0.016 and p = 0.005). Treatment with 10 mM carnosine significantly increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in T2D cells (p = 0.047); with no effect in LHC cells. Insulin-stimulation increased MGO-modified proteins in T2D cells by 47%; treatment with carnosine attenuated this increase to 9.7% (p = 0.011). There was no effect treatment on cell viability or expression of other proteins. These findings suggest that the beneficial effects of carnosine on glycaemic control may be explained by its scavenging actions in human skeletal muscle.
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