ArticleBJPsych open2023
The association between Compulsory Community Treatment Order status and mortality in New Zealand.
Article in BJPsych open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immigrant, racialised and ethno-culturally diverse communities and community treatment orders: A scoping review.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2025Article
- The contribution ofBJPsych open · 2025Article
- Review
- Coercive, treatment or sensible: What is the place of community treatment orders in psychiatry?The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Reframing involuntary treatment as a sentinel event: a model for improving rights-based mental health care.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Compulsory Community Treatment Orders and health outcomes for Ma-ori in New Zealand.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Temporal patterns and individual characteristics of compulsory treatment orders for mental disorders in Scotland from 2007 to 2020.BJPsych open · 2024Article
- [Compulsory community treatment orders (CTOs): recent research and future directions].BJPsych open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCompulsory Community Treatment Orders (CTOs) enable psychiatric medication without the need for consent. Careful scrutiny of outcomes including mortality is required to ensure compulsory treatment is evidence-based and ethical.
aimsTo report mortality for patients placed on CTOs and analyse data according to CTO status, mortality cause and diagnosis.
methodData for all patients placed under CTOs between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2018 was provided by the Ministry of Health, New Zealand. Data included diagnostic and demographic information, dates of CTOs, and any dates and causes of death. Deaths were categorised into suicides, accidents and assaults, and medical causes. Mortality data are reported according to CTO status and diagnosis.
resultsA total of 14 726 patients were placed on CTOs over the study period, during which there were 1328 deaths. The mortality rate was 2.97 on and 2.31 off CTOs (rate ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.14-1.45;
conclusionsIncreased care and medication provided during compulsory treatment does not the modify the course of illness sufficiently to reduce mortality during CTOs. Higher mortality rates during CTO periods compared with non-CTO periods may reflect greater unwellness during CTOs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.