ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2023
Causal association of genetically determined circulating vitamin D metabolites and calcium with multiple sclerosis in participants of European descent.
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- From the Vitamin D Paradox to Precision Nutrition: Targeted Supplementation, Assay Pitfalls, and Clinical Decision-Making.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Continuing benefits of the Montreal Protocol and protection of the stratospheric ozone layer for human health and the environment.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2024Article
- An ultra-sensitive and high-throughput trapping-micro-LC-MS method for quantification of circulating vitamin D metabolites and application in multiple sclerosis patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Health Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation: Lessons Learned From Randomized Controlled Trials and Mendelian Randomization Studies.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVitamin D is an important regulator of calcium. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies exclusively focused on the circulating total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) as a biomarker of vitamin D status, and have found the causal association between 25(OH)D and the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it currently remains unclear about the causal association of the 25(OH)D subtypes including 25(OH)D3 and C3-epi-25(OH)D3, as well as calcium with the risk of MS.
methodsWe performed a two-sample MR study to evaluate the causal association of circulating total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D3, C3-epi-25(OH)D3, and calcium with the risk of MS using large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets from total 25(OH)D (n = 417,580), 25(OH)D3 (n = 40,562), C3-epi-25(OH)D3 (n = 40,562), calcium (n = 305,349), and MS (14,802 MS and 26,703 controls). We selected five MR methods including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), simple median, weighted median, MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO (Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier), and contamination mixture method.
resultsIVW showed that the genetically increased circulating 25(OH)D level (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70-0.94, P = 4.00E-03), circulating 25(OH)D3 level (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.95, P = 5.00E-03), and circulating C3-epi-25(OH)D3 level (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.98, P = 2.30E-02) were causally associated with reduced risk of MS. However, IVW showed no causal association between circulating calcium level and the risk of MS with OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 0.42-19.53, P = 2.85E-01.
conclusionsOur current findings together with evidence from other MR studies support the use of vitamin D but not calcium supplementation for the prevention of MS.
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