ArticlePloS one2023
Refractive changes after strabismus surgery in patients with intermittent exotropia.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- V-pattern and accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio in consecutive esotropia after surgery for intermittent exotropia: A comparison of bilateral lateral rectus recession and unilateral recession-resection.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Exploring the Link: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Prevalence and Association Between Refractive Errors and Intermittent Exotropia.Health science reports · 2024Review
- Exploring the impact of extraocular disorders and their surgical correction on corneal astigmatism and higher-order aberrations: a comprehensive review.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyReview
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the long-term refractive changes after horizontal muscle surgery in patients with intermittent exotropia and investigate the correlation between changes in the postoperative refractive error and clinical factors.
methodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients aged < 15 years who underwent unilateral strabismus surgery (lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection [RR, n = 47], lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication [RP, n = 81], or lateral rectus recession [LRc, n = 68]). Preoperative and postoperative refractive errors up to four years after surgery were recorded. A mixed model was applied to compare the refractive error between the operated and fellow eyes and identify the factors associated with postoperative refractive changes.
resultsThe mean age at surgery was 7.5±2.4years, and girls accounted for 56.1% of the study population. There was no significant difference in the change in the spherical equivalent of refractive error between both eyes throughout the postoperative period. In contrast, the operated eyes consistently and significantly showed higher cylindrical power in with-the-rule astigmatism by 0.25D than in fellow eyes. Age, sex, and preoperative refractive error were not correlated with changes in postoperative astigmatism. Meanwhile, the type of surgery showed a significant interaction with the astigmatism changes. RP had less effect on the changes in astigmatism than RR and LRc (p = 0.001 and p = 0.022, respectively).
conclusionsHorizontal muscle surgery has no long-term effect on the change in the spherical equivalent. However, mild with-the-rule astigmatism is induced and sustained after surgery, and the type of surgery affects the postoperative change of astigmatism.
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