ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2023
Discovery, implications and initial use of semi-synthetic organisms with an expanded genetic alphabet/code.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Quantifying replication fidelity of unnatural base pairs using nanopore sequencing.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Hydrophobic unnatural base pair promotes trigger loop closure and catalysis in cellular RNA polymerase independent of hydrogen bonding.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- High-resolution melting analysis for rapid and cost-effective detection of unnatural base pairs.Biodesign research · 2026Article
- High-Affinity Six-Letter DNA XenoAptamer Generation by Genetic Alphabet Expansion.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Recognition of unnatural base pairs by a eukaryotic DNA polymerase enables universal sequencing of an expanded genetic alphabet.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Engineering and Assay of Enzymes for Expanded Genetic Alphabet Replication.Biochemistry · 2025Article
- Residue-Specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids in Auxotrophic Hosts:Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Genetic Code Expansion: Recent Developments and Emerging Applications.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Cellular Site-Specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids in Synthetic Biology.Chemical reviews · 2024Review
- Robust genetic codes enhance protein evolvability.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- A Prebiotic Genetic Nucleotide as an Early Darwinian Ancestor for Pre-RNA Evolution.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Reactivity and mechanism in chemical and synthetic biology.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Much recent interest has focused on developing proteins for human use, such as in medicine. However, natural proteins are made up of only a limited number of canonical amino acids with limited functionalities, and this makes the discovery of variants with some functions difficult. The ability to recombinantly express proteins containing non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) with properties selected to impart the protein with desired properties is expected to dramatically improve the discovery of proteins with different functions. Perhaps the most straightforward approach to such an expansion of the genetic code is through expansion of the genetic alphabet, so that new codon/anticodon pairs can be created to assign to ncAAs. In this review, I briefly summarize more than 20 years of effort leading ultimately to the discovery of synthetic nucleotides that pair to form an unnatural base pair, which when incorporated into DNA, is stably maintained, transcribed and used to translate proteins in
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.