ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2023
Change in a Claims-Based Frailty Index, Mortality, and Health Care Costs in Medicare Beneficiaries.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of summary measures of longitudinal frailty assessments with health outcomes.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Prescription drug monitoring programs and perioperative opioid prescribing and adverse events.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- Association Between Gabapentinoid Use and Changes in Claims-Based Frailty Among Long-Term Opioid Users.Drugs & aging · 2025Article
- Frailty in older adults with systemic lupus erythematosus and emergency department utilization: an administrative claims data analysis of Medicare beneficiaries.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Association of 3-year change in frailty index with risk of all-cause mortality among older Chinese population: a national cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Unleashing frailty from laboratory into real world: A critical step toward frailty-guided clinical care of older adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among healthcare costs and deficit accumulation.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Impact of peri-operative frailty and operative stress on post-discharge mortality, readmission and days at home in Medicare beneficiaries.Anaesthesia · 2024Article
- Frailty in Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries and Traditional Medicare Beneficiaries.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Assessing the Benefits and Harms of Pharmacotherapy in Older Adults with Frailty: Insights from Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies of Routine Health Care Data.Drugs & aging · 2024Review
- Claims-Based Frailty Index and Its Relationship With Commonly Used Clinical Frailty Measures.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Heterogeneous Effects of Volunteering on Frailty in Later Life: A Panel Quantile Regression Approach.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Claims-Based Frailty Index as a Measure of Dementia Severity in Medicare Claims Data.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- Frailty and emergency department utilisation in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus ≤65 years of age: an administrative claims data analysis of Medicaid beneficiaries.Lupus science & medicine · 2023Article
- Relationship between Claims-Based Frailty Index and Eye Care Utilization among Medicare Beneficiaries with Glaucoma.Ophthalmology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA claims-based frailty index (CFI) allows measurement of frailty on a population scale. Our objective was to examine the association of changes in CFI over 12 months with mortality and Medicare costs.
methodsWe used a 5% sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries. We estimated CFI (range: 0–1: nonfrail (<0.25), mildly frail (0.25–0.34), moderately-to-severely frail (≥0.35) on January 1, 2015 and January 1, 2016. Beneficiaries were categorized as having a large decrease (-<0.045), small decrease (-≤0.045-0.015), stable (±0.015), small increase (>0.015-0.045), or large increase (>0.045). We used Cox proportional hazards model to estimate hazard ratio (HR) for mortality adjusting for age, sex, and 2015 CFI value and compared total Medicare costs from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016.
resultsThe study population included 995 664 beneficiaries (mean age 77 years, 56.8% female). In nonfrail (n = 906 046), HR (95% confidence interval [CI]) ranged from 0.71 (0.67-0.75) for a large decrease to 2.75 (2.68-2.33) for a large increase. In moderate-to-severely frail beneficiaries (n = 16 527), the corresponding HR (95% CI) ranged from 0.63 (0.57-0.70) to 1.21 (1.06-1.38). The mean total Medicare cost per member per year (standard deviation) was from $12 149 ($83 508) in nonfrail beneficiaries to $61 155 ($345 904) in moderate-to-severely frail beneficiaries.
conclusionsOne-year changes in CFI are associated with elevated mortality risk and health care costs across all levels of frailty.
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