ArticleBiology letters2023
The unbearable uncertainty of panarthropod relationships.
Article in Biology letters, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Palaeocampa anthrax, an armored freshwater lobopodian with chemical defenses from the Carboniferous.Communications biology · 2025Article
- CAT-Posterior Mean Site Frequencies Improves Phylogenetic Modeling Under Maximum Likelihood and Resolves Tardigrada as the Sister of Arthropoda Plus Onychophora.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- Storage cell proliferation during somatic growth establishes that tardigrades are not eutelic organisms.Biology open · 2024Article
- New insights into mesoderm and endoderm development, and the nature of the onychophoran blastopore.Frontiers in zoology · 2024Article
- Green armoured tardigrades (Echiniscidae: Viridiscus), including a new species from the Southern Nearctic, exemplify problems with tardigrade variability research.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Cambrian lobopodians shed light on the origin of the tardigrade body plan.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Statistical evaluation of character support reveals the instability of higher-level dinosaur phylogeny.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The unbearable uncertainty of panarthropod relationships.Biology letters · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Panarthropoda, the clade comprising the phyla Onychophora, Tardigrada and Euarthropoda, encompasses the largest majority of animal biodiversity. The relationships among the phyla are contested and resolution is key to understanding the evolutionary assembly of panarthropod bodyplans. Molecular phylogenetic analyses generally support monophyly of Onychophora and Euarthropoda to the exclusion of Tardigrada (Lobopodia hypothesis), which is also supported by some analyses of morphological data. However, analyses of morphological data have also been interpreted to support monophyly of Tardigrada and Euarthropoda to the exclusion of Onychophora (Tactopoda hypothesis). Support has also been found for a clade of Onychophora and Tardigrada that excludes Euarthropoda (Protarthropoda hypothesis). Here we show, using a diversity of phylogenetic inference methods, that morphological datasets cannot discriminate statistically between the Lobopodia, Tactopoda and Protarthropoda hypotheses. Since the relationships among the living clades of panarthropod phyla cannot be discriminated based on morphological data, we call into question the accuracy of morphology-based phylogenies of Panarthropoda that include fossil species and the evolutionary hypotheses based upon them.
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