ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2023
Engineering Cyborg Bacteria Through Intracellular Hydrogelation.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Artificial "zombie" cells: An emerging platform for targeted drug delivery and disease treatment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Gelated microvesicle-mediated delivery of mesenchymal stem cell mitochondria for the treatment of myocardial infarction.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Polymerised superparamagnetic antigen presenting cell lymphocyte capture for enriching tumour reactive T-cells and neoantigen identification.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Environment signal dependent biocontainment systems for engineered organisms: Leveraging triggered responses and combinatorial systems.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025Review
- The Transformation Experiment of Frederick Griffith II: Inclusion of Cellular Heredity for the Creation of Novel Microorganisms.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bacteria-Mediated Intracellular Radical Polymerizations.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Delivering living medicines with biomaterials.Nature reviews. Materials · 2025Article
- Fabrication of cyborg bacterial cells as living cell-material hybrids using intracellular hydrogelation.Nature protocols · 2024Review
- Combinatorial leaky probiotic for anticancer immunopotentiation and tumor eradication.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Engineering Cyborg Pathogens through Intracellular Hydrogelation.ACS synthetic biology · 2024Article
- Architectural engineering of Cyborg Bacteria with intracellular hydrogel.Materials today. Bio · 2024Article
- Bio-Hybrid Magnetic Robots: From Bioengineering to Targeted Therapy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Reversible Intracellular Gelation of MCF10A Cells Enables Programmable Control Over 3D Spheroid Growth.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Synthetic control of living cells by intracellular polymerization.Trends in biotechnology · 2024Review
- Macrophage-Based Microrobots for Anticancer Therapy: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Special Issue "Synthetic Biology for Biosensing in Health and Environmental Applications".Biosensors · 2023Article
- Engineering Cyborg Bacteria Through Intracellular Hydrogelation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Natural and artificial cells are two common chassis in synthetic biology. Natural cells can perform complex tasks through synthetic genetic constructs, but their autonomous replication often causes safety concerns for biomedical applications. In contrast, artificial cells based on nonreplicating materials, albeit possessing reduced biochemical complexity, provide more defined and controllable functions. Here, for the first time, the authors create hybrid material-cell entities termed Cyborg Cells. To create Cyborg Cells, a synthetic polymer network is assembled inside each bacterium, rendering them incapable of dividing. Cyborg Cells preserve essential functions, including cellular metabolism, motility, protein synthesis, and compatibility with genetic circuits. Cyborg Cells also acquire new abilities to resist stressors that otherwise kill natural cells. Finally, the authors demonstrate the therapeutic potential by showing invasion into cancer cells. This work establishes a new paradigm in cellular bioengineering by exploiting a combination of intracellular man-made polymers and their interaction with the protein networks of living cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.