ReviewInternational journal of general medicine2023
Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis: Diagnosis and Management Strategies.
Review in International journal of general medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach From the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Tenth Special Issue.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Guideline
- Global trends and research hotspots in autoimmune encephalitis: insights from a bibliometric and visualized analysis: 1971-2025.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Associated with Ovarian Teratoma: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Delayed Recognition of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis Mimicking Primary Psychiatric Illness: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Prostaglandins: Key players in immunomodulation of the nervous system.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes Associated with Ovarian Tumors: A Case Report and Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Postoperative Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Following Resection of an Insular Astrocytoma: A Case Report.Brain tumor research and treatment · 2026Article
- Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis with Predominant Psychiatric Symptomatology and Diagnostic Dilemmas: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome Associated with Coexisting Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Antibodies.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis: A Comparative Study With Antibody-Negative and Non-MOG Antibody-Positive Cortical Encephalitis in Chinese Adults.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical features and outcomes of anti-NMDAR autoimmune-related central nervous system involvement in patients with teratoma: a retrospective cohort study.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis With Neuropsychiatric Presentation: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Efgartigimod as a salvage therapy for anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients after first-line treatment failure: a case series.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Early psychiatric manifestations in pediatric autoimmune encephalitis: clinical data from a tertiary center.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Observational
- Deciphering the molecular landscape of NMDAR-E associated ovarian teratomas: a Multi-Omics approach.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with overlapping MOG and anti-NMDAR encephalitis.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Clinical analysis of 73 children with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the most recognized form of autoimmune encephalitis. It is characterized by a constellation of neurologic and psychiatric features along with positive NMDAR antibody, which is more sensitive and specific in CSF than serum. All patients should be screened at least once for neoplasm, with ovarian teratoma being found in most tumor-related cases. In the acute phase, first-line immunotherapy, often a combination of high-dose steroids, immunoglobulins, and/or plasma exchange, is strongly recommended. When first-line therapy fails, escalation to second-line immunotherapy, particularly rituximab, can further improve outcomes and prevent relapses. In refractory cases, additional complementary immunotherapies, such as cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and/or tocilizumab may be considered. Relapses occur in 10-30% of cases, mostly within the first two years from onset. Individuals should be followed up to determine if chronic maintenance therapy is required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.