ArticleJournal of health monitoring2022
German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD): Revision, update and applications.
Article in Journal of health monitoring, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers.
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Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in survival among follicular lymphoma patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- [The very elderly in Germany: demography, regional inequalities, and health-an overview].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Review
- Enhanced Health Study Discoverability: Graph-Based Analysis Approach.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic inequality in recommended childhood vaccinations in Germany: evidence from insurance claims and concentration index decomposition.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Generational variation and life‑course accumulation of social inequalities in all-cause mortality in Germany: a cohort-sequential study.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Diabetes mellitus and health-related quality of life in long-term survivors of breast, colorectal or prostate cancer: a population-based prospective study.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Cohort, gender and spatial patterns of delayed school enrolment in third-grade children from 2009 to 2025.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Characterization of orthogeriatric care models and association with mortality and health-economic outcomes in patients with hip fractures: a retrospective cohort study from Germany.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Health Care-Related Determinants of First-Time Long-Term Care Need in Older Adults in Germany: Retrospective Cohort Study Using Claims Data.Interactive journal of medical research · 2026Article
- [Applying the German demand planning guideline to maternity care provision: regional and socioeconomic disparities].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Article
- Observational
- [Utilisation of dental check-ups in Germany-prevalence and trends based on routine statutory health insurance data].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026Article
- Regional variation in healthcare utilization among patients with depression in Germany: a multilevel analysis with PopGrouper-based multimorbidity adjustment.Research in health services & regions · 2026Article
- Equal school meals for all - differentiation of school meals according to school social index.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Clozapine prescribing in Germany: temporal trends and regional variations, 2012-2022.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Continuity of care: time to first outpatient appointment after child and adolescent psychiatric hospital stays in Germany.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Article
- Social inequalities in cancer in Germany: a call to action.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Regional deprivation indices enable researchers to analyse associations between socioeconomic disadvantages and health outcomes even if the health data of interest does not include information on the individuals' socioeconomic position. This article introduces the recent revision of the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD) and presents associations with life expectancy as well as age-standardised cardiovascular mortality rates and cancer incidences as applications. Methods: The GISD measures the level of socioeconomic deprivation using administrative data of education, employment, and income situations at the district and municipality level from the INKAR database. The indicators are weighted via principal component analyses. The regional distribution is depicted cartographically, regional level associations with health outcomes are presented. Results: The principal component analysis indicates medium to high correlations of the indicators with the index subdimensions. Correlation analyses show that in districts with the lowest deprivation, the average life expectancy of men is approximately six years longer (up to three years longer for women) than for those from districts with the highest deprivation. A similar social gradient is observed for cardiovascular mortality and lung cancer incidence. Conclusions: The GISD provides a valuable tool to analyse socioeconomic inequalities in health conditions, diseases, and their determinants at the regional level.
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