ArticleSSM. Qualitative research in health2023
The COVID-19, racism, and violence syndemic: Evidence from a qualitative study with Black residents of Chicago.
Article in SSM. Qualitative research in health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial Discrimination and PTSD Symptoms Among Black Women: The Mediating Roles of Anxiety and Depression.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- A spatial analysis of the associations between housing eviction and alcohol-related hospitalizations in Pennsylvania.Health & place · 2026Article
- Low Risk, High Stakes: Factors Associated with Low COVID-19 Risk Perception Among Black Chicago Residents.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Psychosocial, organizational, and health aspects related to the labor of community health workers in the trans- and post-COVID-19 pandemic period in Brazil's Northeast Region.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- The Cost of Caregiving: The Disproportionate and Invisible Impact of COVID-19 on Women.Affilia · 2025Article
- Conceptualizing COVID-19 syndemics: A scoping review.Journal of multimorbidity and comorbidityArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic emerged in the United States in the shadows of a vast history of structural racism and community and police violence that disproportionately affect Black communities. Collectively, they have created a syndemic, wherein COVID-19, racism, and violence are mutually reinforcing to produce adverse health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to understand the COVID-19, racism, and violence syndemic and examine how structural racism and violence contributed to the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on Black communities. In early 2021, we conducted phenomenological qualitative interviews with 50 Black residents of Chicago. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. We identified four primary themes in our analyses: 1) the intersection of racism and violence in Chicago; 2) longstanding inequities were laid bare by COVID-19; 3) the pervasiveness of racism and violence contributes to poor mental health; 4) and COVID-19, racism and violence emerged as a syndemic. Our findings underscore the importance of addressing social and structural factors in remediating the health and social consequences brought about by COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.