ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2023
Screening of major hepatotoxic components of Tripterygium wilfordii based on hepatotoxic injury patterns.
Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multimodal Analytical Platform Coupled With Biological Assays Unravels Tissue-Specific Chemical Profiles, Spatial Metabolite Distributions and Bioactivities of Root Xylem and Root Bark ofAnalytical science advances · 2026Article
- Preclinical Evaluation of Triptophenolide-Induced Apoptosis in Hepatoblastoma (HepG2) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HuH7) Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Zebrafish as a translational platform for investigating multi-organ pharmacological interactions of traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Major bioactive metabolites derived fromFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Tripterygium glycosides: recent advances in mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and safety optimization.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- The zebrafish model: a versatile platform for uncovering the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in liver diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Demethylzeylasteral inhibits proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by modulating the PI3K/AKT/Autophagy pathways.Journal of bone oncology · 2025Article
- Multi-Targeted Anti-Cancer Effects of Triptophenolide in Hormone-Responsive and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A comprehensive overview of triptolide utilizing nanotechnology and its potential applications in prostate diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Luobitong Potentiates MTX's Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity via Targeting Multiple Inflammatory Pathways.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- A Novel Triptolide Nano-Liposome with Mitochondrial Targeting for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TwHF), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Due to multiorgan toxicity, particularly hepatotoxicity, the application of TwHF is restricted. To clarify the hepatotoxic substances, zebrafish, hepatocytes and macrophages were used for screening based on hepatotoxic injury patterns. This study provides a basis for further elucidation of the hepatotoxic mechanism of TwHF.
methodsFirst, 12 compounds were selected according to the chemical categories of TwHF. The fluorescence area and fluorescence intensity of zebrafish livers were observed and calculated. The viability of two hepatocyte lines was detected by CCK
resultsParthenolide, triptolide, triptonide, triptobenzene H, celastrol, demethylzeylasteral, wilforlide A, triptotriterpenic acid A and regelidine significantly reduced the fluorescence area and fluorescence intensity of zebrafish livers. The viability of L-02 or AML-12 cells was significantly inhibited by parthenolide, triptolide, triptonide, celastrol, demethylzeylasteral, and triptotriterpenic acid A. Parthenolide, triptolide, triptonide, celastrol, demethylzeylasteral and triptobenzene H significantly increased TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA levels in macrophages, while triptophenolide, hypodiolide and wilforine significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA levels. Triptotriterpenic acid A, celastrol and triptobenzene H at a dose of 10 mg/kg significantly increased the levels of mouse serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and aggravated liver inflammation.
conclusionsParthenolide, triptolide, triptonide, celastrol, demethylzeylasteral, triptotriterpenic acid A and triptobenzene H might be the main hepatotoxic components of TwFH. Among them, only triptotriterpenic acid A presents direct hepatotoxicity. Triptobenzene H exerts indirect liver damage by activating macrophages. Parthenolide, triptolide, triptonide, celastrol, and demethylzeylasteral can directly and indirectly cause liver injury.
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