SynthesisHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2023
The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review.
Synthesis in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 8 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,890 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Quantitative US for Evaluation of Hepatic Steatosis in MAFLD With UDFF
Influence of a Different Percentage of Nutrients on the Effects of a Low-calorie Mediterranean Diet Associated With Physical Exercise on the Parameters of Steatosis, Intestinal Function and Metabolic Risk in Patients With Obesity and NAFLD
Risk Factors and Impact of Metabolic Dysfunction -Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Evaluation of the Effects of Tomato Consumption on the Parameters of Hepatic Steatosis, Intestinal Function and on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Subjects With NAFLD
Evaluation of the Effect of Live Streaming Exercise on the Improvement of Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Pregnant Women with MASLD and Its Study Based on the Liver-gut Axis Mechanism.
ProspEXPO : PROSPective Study of the Associations Between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Chemical and Psychosocial Environmental EXPOsome
Sarcopenia Among Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis in Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity Patients: a Prospective Study
Who cites it
1,890 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global epidemiology of diabetes and prediabetes in lean or non-obese patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis: Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) Test for Identifying Significant Fibrosis, Advanced Fibrosis, and Cirrhosis in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- Risk of Liver Cancer From Major Causes Compared to Smoking and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2026Pooled it
- Recruitment of Minority Patients in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Clinical Trials.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Adults With Acromegaly: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Attrition in Digital Self-Management Interventions for Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): Mixed Methods Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical Practice Guidelines for Adult MASLD in Bosnia and Herzegovina: National Recommendations for Diagnosis, Risk Stratification, and Treatment.Acta medica academica · 2026Guideline
- Meta-Analysis: Redefining Liver Disease Risk in Heterozygous Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Pooled it
- The association between oral hygiene and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease - a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Incidence and Determinants of Steatotic Liver Disease after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Non-HDL-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Clinical Trial: Phase 3 Trial of Resmetirom Versus Placebo in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis-Reanalysis of Fibrosis Stage 2-3 Subset.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Trial
- Gut microbes mediate the synergistic effects of dietary cholesterol and saturated fat in driving fibrosing MASH.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic trajectory of hepatocyte ballooning reveals a lipotoxic point of no return and initiates oncogenic regulatory rewiring in MASLD.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Routine health examination indicators for fatty liver disease risk stratification in adults with thyroid dysfunction: a cross-sectional study of 46,311 individuals.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular health metrics and the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease: A meta-analysis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- MASLD prevalence, incidence and global aspects.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Non-pharmacological treatment of MASLD.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Hepatic control of immunometabolism: implications for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
1,830 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsNAFLD is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. We assessed the global and regional prevalence, incidence, and mortality of NAFLD using an in-depth meta-analytic approach. APPROACH AND
resultsPubMed and Ovid MEDLINE were searched for NAFLD population-based studies from 1990 to 2019 survey year (last published 2022) per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models. Bias risk assessment was per Joanna Briggs Institute. Of 2585 studies reviewed, 92 studies (N=9,361,716) met eligibility criteria. Across the study period (1990-2019), meta-analytic pooling of NAFLD prevalence estimates and ultrasound-defined NAFLD yielded an overall global prevalence of 30.05% (95% CI: 27.88%-32.32%) and 30.69% (28.4-33.09), respectively. Global NAFLD prevalence increased by +50.4% from 25.26% (21.59-29.33) in 1990-2006 to 38.00% (33.71-42.49) in 2016-2019 ( p <0.001); ultrasound-defined NAFLD prevalence increased by +38.7% from 25.16% (19.46-31.87) in 1990-2006 to 34.59% (29.05-40.57) ( p =0.029). The highest NAFLD prevalence was in Latin America 44.37% (30.66%-59.00%), then Middle East and North Africa (MENA) (36.53%, 28.63%-45.22%), South Asia (33.83%, 22.91%-46.79%), South-East Asia (33.07%, 18.99%-51.03%), North America (31.20%, 25.86%-37.08%), East Asia (29.71%, 25.96%-33.76%), Asia Pacific 28.02% (24.69%-31.60%), Western Europe 25.10% (20.55%-30.28%). Among the NAFLD cohort diagnosed without a liver biopsy, pooled mortality rate per 1000 PY was 12.60 (6.68-23.67) for all-cause mortality; 4.20 (1.34-7.05) for cardiac-specific mortality; 2.83 (0.78-4.88) for extrahepatic cancer-specific mortality; and 0.92 (0.00-2.21) for liver-specific mortality.
conclusionsNAFLD global prevalence is 30% and increasing which requires urgent and comprehensive strategies to raise awareness and address all aspects of NAFLD on local, regional, and global levels.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.