ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2023
Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health: A Longitudinal Analysis of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in US Counties From 2009 to 2018.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of county-level school expenditure around time of birth and cardiovascular health in young adulthood.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Temporal and Regional Trends in Cardiovascular Mortality Associated With Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Analysis From 1999 to 2020 in the United States.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Trends and disparities in ischemic heart disease and cardiogenic shock mortality in the United States: A 25-year national analysis (1999-2024).American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Nonmedical Factors That Influence Diabetes Complications and Multilevel Strategies to Reduce Disparities and Improve Outcomes in the U.S.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Social Determinants of Health and Effects on Cardiovascular Disease.The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc · 2026Review
- Geospatial and machine learning analyses of cardiovascular disease mortality across the continental United States: Identifying associated variables using Shapley values.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Regional inequalities in heart failure hospitalisation and in-hospital mortality in Spain (2016-2022): a nationwide, observational study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Article
- A social determinants-based county-level cardiovascular mortality index to identify high-risk counties in the USA.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Equity by Design - Using Digital Technology To Overcome Cardiovascular Health Disparities.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Echoes of Inequity: A Critical Examination of the Past, Present, and Future of Cardiac Health Equity.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Evaluating the Needs and Characteristics of Individuals of Low Socioeconomic Status Using Digital Health Technology to Address Health-Related Social Needs: Mixed Methods Study With Patients and Care Providers.JMIR human factors · 2025Article
- Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: Shared Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review.JACC. CardioOncology · 2025Review
- Quantifying the association of Life's Crucial 9 with cardiovascular diseases among elderly hypertensive patients managed in primary care settings.Population health metrics · 2025Article
- Social determinants of cardiovascular disease in women with and without breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- The association between social determinants of health and all-cause, cardiovascular mortality in US rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study of NHANES.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Associations of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages with premature mortality and the role of social determinants of health.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2025Article
- SpaCE: a spatial counterfactual explainable deep learning model for predicting out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival outcome.International journal of geographical information science : IJGIS · 2025Article
- Beyond Biological Factors: The Social Face of Cardiovascular Disease in Brazil.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic and medical determinants of state-level subjective cognitive decline in the United States.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes persist across the United States. Social determinants of health play an important role in driving these disparities. The current study aims to identify the most important social determinants associated with CVD mortality over time in US counties. Methods and Results The authors used the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's database on social determinants of health and linked it with CVD mortality data at the county level from 2009 to 2018. The age-standardized CVD mortality rate was measured as the number of deaths per 100 000 people. Penalized generalized estimating equations were used to select social determinants associated with county-level CVD mortality. The analytic sample included 3142 counties. The penalized generalized estimating equation identified 17 key social determinants of health including rural-urban status, county's racial composition, income, food, and housing status. Over the 10-year period, CVD mortality declined at an annual rate of 1.08 (95% CI, 0.74-1.42) deaths per 100 000 people. Rural counties and counties with a higher percentage of Black residents had a consistently higher CVD mortality rate than urban counties and counties with a lower percentage of Black residents. The rural-urban CVD mortality gap did not change significantly over the past decade, whereas the association between the percentage of Black residents and CVD mortality showed a significant diminishing trend over time. Conclusions County-level CVD mortality declined from 2009 through 2018. However, rural counties and counties with a higher percentage of Black residents continued to experience higher CVD mortality. Median income, food, and housing status consistently predicted higher CVD mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.