SynthesisBMC infectious diseases2023
Bacterial co-infection and antibiotic stewardship in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic Resistance and the Return to a Pre-Antibiotic Era: A Critical Narrative Review of a Global Catastrophe.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial stewardship challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications of antibiotic overuse and antimicrobial resistance.Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju · 2026Review
- Post-COVID Respiratory Sequelae in COPD: Mucus Plugging, Infectious Complications, and Risk-Stratified Follow-Up.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Optimizing antimicrobial stewardship during operational upheaval: lessons in resiliency from the COVID-19 pandemic.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2026Article
- Patterns of Antibiotic Use in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients and Association with Secondary Infections and Outcomes.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antibiotic and antiviral prescribing patterns among hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Mongolia: a real-world descriptive retrospective study.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2026Article
- Distinguishing Between Bacterial and Viral Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Adults: The Importance of Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Findings.Pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Analysis of Bacterial Coinfections in Patients with Mild, Moderate, and Severe COVID-19.Polish journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance Trends, Resistance Mechanisms, and Antibiotic Consumption in COVID-19 Versus Non-COVID-19 Units: A Seven-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Metabolomics for the Diagnosis of Secondary Infections in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.Critical care explorations · 2025Article
- Antibiotic and Antiviral Prescribing for Long-Term Care Residents With a COVID-19 Diagnosis, March 2020-July 2023.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Article
- Orthogonal CRISPR/Cas system facilitated dual-color fluorescence fiber-embedded optofluidic nano-biochip for parallel amplification-free on-site detection of bacterium and virus.Mikrochimica acta · 2025Article
- Antibiotic Treatment in Patients Hospitalized for Nonsevere COVID-19.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Association between nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment and antibiotic prescribing in the outpatient setting among patients with COVID-19.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- National Trends in Antibiotic Prescribing for Adults Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Other Viral Respiratory Infections.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Increased risk of Enterococcal Bacteremia in critically ill patients with COVID-19 during pandemic surges.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
- Differences in the inflammatory response and outcome among hospitalized patients during different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Global trends in antibiotic consumption during 2016-2023 and future projections through 2030.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the antimicrobial stewardship workforce in Scottish acute care hospitals-a qualitative study.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionUnderstanding the proportion of patients with COVID-19 who have respiratory bacterial co-infections and the responsible pathogens is important for managing COVID-19 effectively while ensuring responsible antibiotic use.
objectiveTo estimate the frequency of bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 hospitalized patients and of antibiotic prescribing during the early pandemic period and to appraise the use of antibiotic stewardship criteria.
methodsSystematic review and meta-analysis was performed using major databases up to May 5, 2021. We included studies that reported proportion/prevalence of bacterial co-infection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and use of antibiotics. Where available, data on duration and type of antibiotics, adverse events, and any information about antibiotic stewardship policies were also collected.
resultsWe retrieved 6,798 studies and included 85 studies with data from more than 30,000 patients. The overall prevalence of bacterial co-infection was 11% (95% CI 8% to 16%; 70 studies). When only confirmed bacterial co-infections were included the prevalence was 4% (95% CI 3% to 6%; 20 studies). Overall antibiotic use was 60% (95% CI 52% to 68%; 52 studies). Empirical antibiotic use rate was 62% (95% CI 55% to 69%; 11 studies). Few studies described criteria for stopping antibiotics.
conclusionThere is currently insufficient evidence to support widespread empirical use of antibiotics in most hospitalised patients with COVID-19, as the overall proportion of bacterial co-infection is low. Furthermore, as the use of antibiotics during the study period appears to have been largely empirical, clinical guidelines to promote and support more targeted administration of antibiotics in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are required.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.