Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36624369›Full record

ArticleBMC genomic data2023

Comparative analysis of codon usage patterns in chloroplast genomes of ten Epimedium species.

Yingzhe Wang, Dacheng Jiang, Kun Guo, Lei Zhao, Fangfang Meng, Jinglei Xiao, Yuan Niu, Yunlong Sun

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC genomic data, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
8.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Patterns and drivers of genome-wide codon usage bias in the fungal order Sordariales.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2025
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  20. The organelle genomes of the endangered seagrassFrontiers in plant science · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Yingzhe WangCollege of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China.
Dacheng JiangSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Kun GuoSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Lei ZhaoSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Fangfang MengSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Jinglei XiaoSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Yuan NiuLanzhou Agro-Technical Research and Popularization Center, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Yunlong SunCollege of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China. syloong@126.com.
Changchun University of Chinese Medicine · CNJining Medical University · CNLanzhou Nonferrous Metals Design and Research Institute (China) · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Phenomenon of codon usage bias exists in the genomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The codon usage pattern is affected by environmental factors, base mutation, gene flow and gene expression level, among which natural selection and mutation pressure are the main factors. The study of codon preference is an effective method to analyze the source of evolutionary driving forces in organisms. Epimedium species are perennial herbs with ornamental and medicinal value distributed worldwide. The chloroplast genome is self-replicating and maternally inherited which is usually used to study species evolution, gene expression and genetic transformation.

resultsThe results suggested that chloroplast genomes of Epimedium species preferred to use codons ending with A/U. 17 common high-frequency codons and 2-6 optimal codons were found in the chloroplast genomes of Epimedium species, respectively. According to the ENc-plot, PR2-plot and neutrality-plot, the formation of codon preference in Epimedium was affected by multiple factors, and natural selection was the dominant factor. By comparing the codon usage frequency with 4 common model organisms, it was found that Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were suitable exogenous expression receptors.

conclusionThe evolutionary driving force in the chloroplast genomes of 10 Epimedium species probably comes from mutation pressure. Our results provide an important theoretical basis for evolutionary analysis and transgenic research of chloroplast genes.

Indexed as

EpimediumGenome, ChloroplastMagnoliopsidaCodonCodon UsageEukaryotaCodonChloroplast genomeCodon usage biasEpimedium speciesMutation pressureNatural selection

Identifiers

PMID36624369
PMCPMC9830715
OpenAlexW4313830942

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.