ArticleArchives of gynecology and obstetrics2023
Genetic diversity of human papillomavirus (HPV) as specified by the detection method, gender, and year of sampling: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
Article in Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genital mycoplasma infections: a hidden factor in cervical cancer progression? A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Cancer Screening and Prevention in MENA and Mediterranean Populations: A Multi-Level Analysis of Barriers, Knowledge Gaps, and Interventions Across Indigenous and Diaspora Communities.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Impact of Single- Versus Multiple-Type HPV Infections on Cervical Cytological and Histological Abnormalities: The Dominant Oncogenic Potential of HPV16 Single-Type Infections.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Prevalence of Multi-Type Infections Among Human Papillomavirus Types in Korean Women.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection and genotype distribution among Kazakhstani women with abnormal cervical cytology.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- Analysis of age-specified and genotype distribution of HPV multiple infections in the Chinese population.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Estimates of the incidence, prevalence, and factors associated with common sexually transmitted infections among Lebanese women.PloS one · 2024Article
- Epidemiologic characteristics of high-risk HPV and the correlation between multiple infections and cervical lesions.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study assesses HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in Lebanon, and identifies differentials in HPV infection, infection with multiple genotypes, and with high-risk genotypes, by sex, age, and year of data collection.
methodsStudy participants comprised 1042 female and 160 male participants between 2006 and 2018. HPV genotyping was done by PCR and hybridization (2006-2013) or real-time PCR (2013 onwards). Diversity of HPV genotypes across gender, age groups, and years of data collection was tested by applying Shannon Diversity Index.
resultsThe overall HPV prevalence was 44.8% among study participants, and threefold higher in women than men. Single HPV infection was seen in two-third of HPV-positive participants. Women were less likely to be infected with multiple HPV strains, but more likely to be infected with high-risk or mixed-risk HPV genotypes. HPV-16 (11.0%, 9.8%) and HPV-53 (8.5%, 4.9%) were the most prevalent high-risk HPV genotypes in women and men, respectively, while HPV-18 prevalence was 4.9% in men and 3.1% in women, while HPV-59 prevalence was 6.6% in men and 2.1% in women. Samples collected post-2011 from women showed twice higher odds of HPV infection than those collected earlier and were threefold more likely to be infected with multiple HPV strains, and twice more likely to be infected with high-risk genotypes compared to those tested earlier. Women scored higher on Shannon index indicating high diversity in HPV types and frequency, with trend of increased diversity over time. While the odds of HPV infection remained associated with sex and temporal trend in multivariable analysis, odds of having high-risk genotypes was mainly associated with infection with multiple HPV strains.
conclusionOur study showed high diversity in HPV genotypes and an increasing trend of infection with multiple and high-risk genotypes in recent years. Findings underscore the need for effective screening/surveillance and HPV vaccination programs.
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