ArticleVaccine2023
COVID-19 vaccination refusal trends in Kenya over 2021.
Article in Vaccine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Enablers and barriers to vaccine uptake and handwashing practices to prevent and control COVID-19 in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Review
- Geospatial analysis of COVID-19 vaccine access in Kenya: the interplay of travel time, perceived availability, and vaccine uptake.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Scoping review of COVID-19 vaccines access, equity, hesitancy, and uptake in Kenya: lessons for the next pandemic.Frontiers in health services · 2026Review
- A qualitative examination of the distribution strategies, access, and equitable uptake of the COVID-19 vaccines in Kenya: lessons for the next pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Kenyans' Perceptions of the Risks of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Scoping Review.Pan-African journal of health and environmental science · 2024Article
- Sustaining Functionality of Not-for-Profit Health Organisations During Pandemics: Lessons and COVID 19 Experience from Makerere University Walter Reed Project.The East African health research journal · 2024Article
- A qualitative inquiry on drivers of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Declining trends in vaccine confidence across sub-Saharan Africa: A large-scale cross-sectional modeling study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Vaccine inequity: a threat to Africa's recovery from COVID-19.Tropical medicine and health · 2023Review
- Socio-demographic factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake and refusal among Ugandan women.Globalization and health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVaccination refusal exacerbates global COVID-19 vaccination inequities. No studies in East Africa have examined temporal trends in vaccination refusal, precluding addressing refusal. We assessed vaccine refusal over time in Kenya, and characterized factors associated with changes in vaccination refusal.
methodsWe analyzed data from the Kenya Rapid Response Phone Survey (RRPS), a household cohort survey representative of the Kenyan population including refugees. Vaccination refusal (defined as the respondent stating they would not receive the vaccine if offered to them at no cost) was measured in February and October 2021. Proportions of vaccination refusal were plotted over time. We analyzed factors in vaccination refusal using a weighted multivariable logistic regression including interactions for time.
findingsAmong 11,569 households, vaccination refusal in Kenya decreased from 24 % in February 2021 to 9 % in October 2021. Vaccination refusal was associated with having education beyond the primary level (-4.1[-0.7,-8.9] percentage point difference (ppd)); living with somebody who had symptoms of COVID-19 in the past 14 days (-13.72[-8.9,-18.6]ppd); having symptoms of COVID-19 in the past 14 days (11.0[5.1,16.9]ppd); and distrusting the government in responding to COVID-19 (14.7[7.1,22.4]ppd). There were significant interactions with time and: refugee status and geography, living with somebody with symptoms of COVID-19, having symptoms of COVID-19, and believing in misinformation.
interpretationThe temporal reduction in vaccination refusal in Kenya likely represents substantial strides by the Kenyan vaccination program and possible learnt lessons which require examination. Going forward, there are still several groups which need specific targeting to decrease vaccination refusal and improve vaccination equity, including those with lower levels of education, those with recent COVID-19 symptoms, those who do not practice personal COVID-19 mitigation measures, refugees in urban settings, and those who do not trust the government. Policy and program should focus on decreasing vaccination refusal in these populations, and research focus on understanding barriers and motivators for vaccination.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.