Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36623727›Full record

ArticleJournal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy2023

Association between COVID-19 vaccines and the menstrual cycle in young Japanese women.

Shihoko Kajiwara, Naomi Akiyama, Hisashi Baba, Michio Ohta

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Menstrual Cycle Disturbances after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2024
    Article
  6. Abnormal uterine bleeding diagnoses and care following COVID-19 vaccination.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Shihoko KajiwaraSchool of Nursing, Gifu University of Health Science, 2-92 Higashiuzura, Gifu-city, Gifu, 500-8281, Japan. Electronic address: s-kajiwara@gifuhoken.ac.jp.
Naomi AkiyamaSchool of Nursing, Gifu University of Health Science, 2-92 Higashiuzura, Gifu-city, Gifu, 500-8281, Japan.
Hisashi BabaCenter for Nutrition Support and Infection Control, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-city, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
Michio OhtaSchool of Rehabilitation, Gifu University of Health Science, 2-92 Higashiuzura, Gifu-city, Gifu, 500-8281, Japan.
Gifu University of Medical Science · JPGifu Pharmaceutical University · JPGifu University Hospital · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAlthough several studies have investigated the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and the menstrual cycle, available data are limited. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of COVID-19 vaccines on the menstrual cycle and the effect of the menstrual cycle phase on the vaccine side effects during vaccine administration in Japan.

methodsA self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the date of vaccination; type of vaccine; type, grade, and duration of the side effects; regularity of menstruation; normal length of the menstrual cycle; and the day one date of menstruation around vaccination. The survey was conducted from October 2021 to March 2022.

resultsThe difference between the predicted and actual menstrual cycle length was 1.9 ± 3.0, 1.6 ± 2.8 (p = 0.557), and 2.5 ± 3.8 (p = 0.219) days before vaccination and after the first and second dose of the vaccine, respectively. In participants who received vaccinations twice within a single menstrual cycle, this difference was 1.3 ± 3.5 and 3.9 ± 3.3 (p = 0.045) days before and after vaccination, respectively. The grade and proportion of the side effects after the second dose of the vaccine was highest during the menstrual period and lowest during the ovulation period, with a significant effect on headache and chills.

conclusionCOVID-19 vaccines tended to prolong the menstrual cycle. The side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine tended to be at a maximum when vaccination occurred during the menstrual period and minimal during the ovulation period.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansMenstrual CycleMenstruationVaccinationCOVID-19 VaccinesCOVID-19 vaccineJapanMenstrual cycleSide effectYoung adult

Identifiers

PMID36623727
PMCPMC9822555
OpenAlexW4313626715

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.