ArticleHealth affairs (Project Hope)2023
Differences In Debt Among Postgraduate Medical Residents By Self-Designated Race And Ethnicity, 2014-19.
Article in Health affairs (Project Hope), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- County-Level Analysis of the Health Impact of Black Physicians in Georgia.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Specialist-Led Care: A Selective Advantage in Supply Chain Management, Collaborative Aggregation, and Scale.International journal of spine surgery · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic background, exam performance, and probability of medical school application among all MCAT examinees, 2017 to 2019.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Factors associated with academic-medicine faculty attrition before promotion to senior rank: A national-cohort study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Diversity in medicine: how do underrepresented minority medical students select their specialty? A cross-sectional survey study.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- The effect of education debt on PAs' specialty choice or preference.JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants · 2025Article
- A U.S. based survey of loan burden among anesthesia trainees and its impact on well-being.Frontiers in education · 2025Article
- Academic performance of students in an accelerated medical pathway.Medical education online · 2024Observational
- Education Research: Observational Study of Educational Debt Among US Medical Graduates Entering Neurology, 2010-2021.Neurology. Education · 2024Article
- Examining Full-Time Academic General Pediatric Faculty Compensation by Gender, Race, and Ethnicity: 2020-2021.Academic pediatrics · 2024Article
- Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, Child Health, and the Pediatric Subspecialty Workforce.Pediatrics · 2024Review
- The burden of unexpected costs in medical school.PloS one · 2024Article
- A half-century check-up for child neurology training.Annals of the Child Neurology Society · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The US physician workforce does not reflect the racial and ethnic makeup of the country's population, despite efforts to promote diversity. Becoming a physician requires significant time and financial investment, and populations that are underrepresented in medicine have also been excluded from building wealth. Understanding the differential burden of debt by race and ethnicity may inform strategies to improve workforce diversity. We used 2014-19 data on postgraduate resident trainees from the Association of American Medical Colleges to examine the association between race and ethnicity and debt independent of other demographics and residency characteristics. Black trainees were significantly more likely to have every type of debt than the overall sample and all other racial and ethnic groups (96 percent of Black trainees had any debt versus 83 percent overall; 60 percent had premedical education loans versus 35 percent overall, and 50 percent had consumer debt versus 25 percent overall). American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander trainees were more likely to have debt compared with White and Asian trainees. Overall, debt prevalence decreased over time and varied by specialty; however, for Black trainees, debt decreased minimally over time and was stable across specialties. Scholarships, debt relief, and financial guidance should be explored to improve diversity and inclusion in medicine across specialties.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.