ReviewEcoSal Plus2023
Repeat-Unit Elongations To Produce Bacterial Complex Long Polysaccharide Chains, an O-Antigen Perspective.
Review in EcoSal Plus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chain-Length Regulation by WzzE Is Necessary for, but Genetically Separable From, Cyclic Enterobacterial Common Antigen Synthesis.Molecular microbiology · 2026Article
- Toward Sustainable Xanthan Gum Production: Waste-Derived Substrates, Fermentation Optimization, and Eco-Friendly Extraction Approaches.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Structural Basis of Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Chain Length Modality.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Lipopolysaccharide of Klebseilla pneumoniae as a potential vaccine target: extraction, purification and structural insights.Folia microbiologica · 2025Article
- Article
- Recent insights into Wzy polymerases and lipopolysaccharide O-antigen biosynthesis.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- Structure of WzxE the lipid III flippase for Enterobacterial Common Antigen polysaccharide.Open biology · 2025Article
- Tolerance mechanisms in polysaccharide biosynthesis: Implications for undecaprenol phosphate recycling in Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Sequestration of dead-end undecaprenyl phosphate-linked oligosaccharide intermediate.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Article
- Bridging Classical Methodologies inMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Diversity, Complexity, and Specificity of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Structures Impacting Their Detection and Quantification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Engineering Escherichia coli for increased Und-P availability leads to material improvements in glycan expression technology.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- O antigen biogenesis sensitises Escherichia coli K-12 to bile salts, providing a plausible explanation for its evolutionary loss.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Extensive Diversity in Escherichia coli Group 3 Capsules Is Driven by Recombination and Plasmid Transfer from Multiple Species.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The O-antigen, a long polysaccharide that constitutes the distal part of the outer membrane-anchored lipopolysaccharide, is one of the critical components in the protective outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Most species produce one of the structurally diverse O-antigens, with nearly all the polysaccharide components having complex structures made by the Wzx/Wzy pathway. This pathway produces repeat-units of mostly 3-8 sugars on the cytosolic face of the cytoplasmic membrane that is translocated by Wzx flippase to the periplasmic face and polymerized by Wzy polymerase to give long-chain polysaccharides. The Wzy polymerase is a highly diverse integral membrane protein typically containing 10-14 transmembrane segments. Biochemical evidence confirmed that Wzy polymerase is the sole driver of polymerization, and recent progress also began to demystify its interacting partner, Wzz, shedding some light to speculate how the proteins may operate together during polysaccharide biogenesis. However, our knowledge of how the highly variable Wzy proteins work as part of the O-antigen processing machinery remains poor. Here, we discuss the progress to the current understanding of repeat-unit polymerization and propose an updated model to explain the formation of additional short chain O-antigen polymers found in the lipopolysaccharide of diverse Gram-negative species and their importance in the biosynthetic process.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.