Observational studyChest2023
Sex- and Race-Based Differences in the Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases in North America and Australasia.
Observational study in Chest, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Real-world safety and effectiveness of pirfenidone and nintedanib in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Racial, Ethnic, Sex, and Gender Equity for Inclusive Interstitial Lung Disease Research: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Global epidemiology and burden of interstitial lung disease.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2025Review
- Health disparities and associated social determinants of health in interstitial lung disease: a narrative review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Risk Factors for Hospital Readmission in Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease.Respiratory care · 2024Article
- Uptake of Antifibrotics for Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: 2016-2022.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 13 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBiological sex, gender, and race are important considerations in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). RESEARCH QUESTION: Does a patient's sex assigned at birth, and race, influence ILD treatment initiation? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsPatients with ILD from three longitudinal prospective registries were compared in this observational study. ILD-related medications included antifibrotics and immunomodulating medications. Race was dichotomized as "White" vs "non-White." Time to treatment initiation was determined from the date of the initial ILD registry visit to the date of first medication initiation. Proportions of treated patients were compared between groups by χ
resultsA total of 4,572 patients were included across all cohorts. The proportion of men who received treatment was higher than for women in the Canadian cohort (47% vs 40%; P < .001), and the proportion of White patients who received treatment was also higher compared with non-White patients (46% vs 36%; P < .001). In contrast, the proportion of treated men in the Chicago cohort was lower compared with women (56% vs 64%; P = .005), and that of White patients was lower compared with non-White patients (56% vs 69%; P < .001). No sex- or race-based differences in proportions of patients treated were found in the Australasian cohort. White race was significantly associated with earlier treatment initiation compared with non-White race across diagnoses in the Canadian cohort, whereas the opposite association was found in the Australasian cohort.
interpretationSex- and race-based differences exist in the initiation of ILD treatment, with variability across different cohorts in different countries. Reasons for these differences need to be further explored in future studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.