Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36621754›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2023

Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary and secondary school students and staff in England in the 2020/2021 school year: a longitudinal study.

Patrick Nguipdop-Djomo, William E Oswald, Katherine E Halliday, Sarah Cook, Joanna Sturgess, Neisha Sundaram, Charlotte Warren-Gash, Paul Em Fine, Judith Glynn, Elizabeth Allen and 14 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 33% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Patrick Nguipdop-DjomoFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Electronic address: Patrick.Nguipdop-Djomo@lshtm.ac.uk.
William E OswaldFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Katherine E HallidayFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Sarah CookFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Joanna SturgessFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Neisha SundaramFaculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Charlotte Warren-GashFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Paul Em FineFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Judith GlynnFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Elizabeth AllenFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Taane G ClarkFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Benjamin FordOffice for National Statistics, Government Buildings, Newport, UK.
Alison JuddOffice for National Statistics, Government Buildings, Newport, UK.
Georgina IrelandPublic Health Programmes, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
John PohPublic Health Programmes, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
Chris BonellFaculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Fiona DaweOffice for National Statistics, Government Buildings, Newport, UK.
Emma RourkeOffice for National Statistics, Government Buildings, Newport, UK.
Ian DiamondOffice for National Statistics, Government Buildings, Newport, UK.
Shamez N LadhaniPublic Health Programmes, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK; Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's University of London, London, UK.
Sinéad M LanganFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
James HargreavesFaculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Punam MangtaniFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
COVID-19 Schools Infection Survey Study Group
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBOffice for National Statistics · GBUK Health Security Agency · GBSt George's, University of London · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust 201440/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesInvestigate risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infections in school students and staff.

methodsIn the 2020/2021 school year, we administered polymerase chain reaction, antibody tests, and questionnaires to a sample of primary and secondary school students and staff, with data linkage to COVID-19 surveillance. We fitted logistic regression models to identify the factors associated with infection.

resultsWe included 6799 students and 5090 staff in the autumn and 11,952 students and 4569 staff in the spring/summer terms. Infections in students in autumn 2020 were related to the percentage of students eligible for free school meals. We found no statistical association between infection risk in primary and secondary schools and reported contact patterns between students and staff in either period in our study. Using public transports was associated with increased risk in autumn in students (adjusted odds ratio = 1.72; 95% confidence interval 1.31-2.25) and staff. One or more infections in the same household during either period was the strongest risk factor for infection in students and more so among staff.

conclusionDeprivation, community, and household factors were more strongly associated with infection than contacts patterns at school; this suggests that the additional school-based mitigation measures in England in 2020/2021 likely helped reduce transmission risk in schools.

Indexed as

COVID-19EnglandHumansLongitudinal StudiesRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2SchoolsStudentsCOVID-19EnglandEpidemiologyRisk factorsSARS-CoV-2Schools

Identifiers

PMID36621754
PMCPMC9815858
OpenAlexW4313549770

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.