ArticleEnvironmental research2023
Prenatal perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and maternal sex steroid hormones across pregnancy.
Article in Environmental research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental Exposure to Per- and Polyfluorylalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Reproductive Outcomes in the General Population: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, perceived stress, and miscarriage risk in a cohort of US Black women.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- In Utero Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure and Changes in Infant T Helper Cell Development among UPSIDE-ECHO Cohort Participants.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- A prospective study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), stress, and birth size in a cohort of U.S. Black women.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Effects of Legacy PFAS and Novel Alternatives on Thyroid Function in Mother‒Child Populations: A Systematic Review.Journal of toxicology · 2026Review
- Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with uterine leiomyomata incidence and growth: a prospective ultrasound study.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Maternal organophosphate esters and sex steroid hormones in mid-pregnancy.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Impact of PFOS Exposure on Murine Fetal Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Associated with Intrauterine Metabolic Perturbation.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Gestational exposure to PMEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Effects of Early-life PFAS Exposure on Child Neurodevelopment: A Review of the Evidence and Research gaps.Current environmental health reports · 2025Review
- Endocrine-disrupting effects of environmental BPS and PFOS on human brain organoid development.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Persistent pollutants and the developing brain: the role of PFAS in neurodevelopmental disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their influence on inflammatory biomarkers in pregnancy: Findings from the LIFECODES cohort.Environment international · 2024Article
- Exposure to Synthetic Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Relation to Maternal and Fetal Sex Steroid Hormones: A Scoping Review.Current environmental health reports · 2024Article
- Prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and maternal oxidative stress: Evidence from the LIFECODES study.Chemosphere · 2024Article
- Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with maternal early second trimester sex-steroid hormones.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Chemical Mixtures and Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Children.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- PFAS alters placental arterial vasculature in term human placentae: A prospective pregnancy cohort study.Placenta · 2024Article
- Associations of Serum Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Placental Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Early Pregnancy, Measured in the UPSIDE Study in Rochester, New York.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Interference Mechanisms of Endocrine System and Other Systems of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Cosmetics-In Vitro Studies.International journal of endocrinology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPoly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminants that may act as endocrine disruptors in utero, but the specific endocrine pathways are unknown.
objectiveWe examined associations between maternal serum PFAS and sex steroid hormones at three time points during pregnancy.
methodsPregnant women participating in the Understanding Pregnancy Signals and Infant Development (UPSIDE) study contributed biospecimens, questionnaire, and medical record data in each trimester (n = 285). PFAS (including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)) were analyzed in second-trimester serum samples by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Total testosterone [TT], free testosterone [fT], estrone [E1], estradiol [E2], and estriol [E3]) were measured by LC-MS/MS in serum samples from each trimester. Linear mixed models with random intercepts were used to examine associations between log-transformed PFAS concentrations and hormone levels, adjusting for covariates, and stratifying by fetal sex. Results are presented as the mean percentage difference (Δ%) in hormone levels per ln-unit increase in PFAS concentration.
resultsIn adjusted models, PFHxS was associated with higher TT (%Δ = 20.0, 95%CI: 1.7, 41.6), particularly among women carrying male fetuses (%Δ = 15.3, 95%CI: 1.2, 30.7); this association strengthened as the pregnancy progressed. PFNA (%Δ = 7.9, 95%CI: 3.4, 12.5) and PFDA (%Δ = 7.2, 95%CI: 4.9, 9.7) were associated with higher fT, with associations again observed only in women carrying male fetuses. PFHxS was associated with higher levels of E2 and E3 in women carrying female fetuses (%Δ = 13.2, 95%CI: 0.5, 29.1; %Δ = 17.9, 95%CI: 3.2, 34.8, respectively). No associations were observed for PFOS and PFOA.
conclusionPFHxS, PFNA, and PFDA may disrupt androgenic and estrogenic pathways in pregnancy in a sex-dependent manner.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.