Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36621200›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2023

Hepatitis C virus prevalence, determinants, and cascade of care among people who inject drugs in Iran.

Mehrdad Khezri, Ali Mirzazadeh, Mostafa Shokoohi, Heidar Sharafi, Nima Ghalekhani, Fatemeh Tavakoli, Soheil Mehmandoost, Ghazal Mousavian, Mousa Imani, Rezvan Kakavand-Ghalehnoei and 6 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

Mehrdad KhezriHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Ali MirzazadehHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mostafa ShokoohiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Heidar SharafiMiddle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran.
Nima GhalekhaniHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Fatemeh TavakoliHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Soheil MehmandoostHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Ghazal MousavianHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Mousa ImaniMiddle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran.
Rezvan Kakavand-GhalehnoeiDepartment of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Ali KomasiKermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Mohammad Mehdi GouyaCenter for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
Ali Akbar HaghdoostHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Willi McFarlandDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mohammad KaramouzianHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Centre on Drug Policy Evaluation, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Hamid SharifiHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Electronic address: hsharifi@kmu.ac.ir.
Kerman University of Medical Sciences · IRMiddle East Liver Disease Center · IRKermanshah University of Medical Sciences · IRMinistry of Health and Medical Education · IRTarbiat Modares University · IRUniversity of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

Making Better Decisions: Policy Modeling for AIDS and Drug AbuseR37DA015612 · NIDA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DOUGLAS K OWENS · 2019 to 2026
$6.3M
NIDA NIH HHS R37 DA015612
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPeople who inject drugs (PWID) continue to experience the highest burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV). We aimed to characterize HCV antibody prevalence, determinants of infection, and the cascade of engagement in HCV care among PWID in Iran.

methodsParticipants were recruited in 11 cities of Iran using respondent-driven sampling. PWID underwent a structured interview capturing measures on socio-demographics, behaviors, and the HCV cascade of care. HCV and HIV were tested using antibody rapid tests. Multivariable logistic regression models identified characteristics associated with HCV seropositivity.

resultsHCV antibody prevalence was 26.0% among 2684 PWID enrolled. Of 699 participants who were HCV antibody positive, 88 (12.6%) were aware of past infections. HCV antibody prevalence was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.09; 95% CI 1.18, 3.71), lower education (aOR 1.31; 95% CI 1.02, 1.69), >10 years of injecting (aOR 6.03; 95% CI 4.10, 8.85), methamphetamine injection (aOR 1.46; 95% CI 1.07, 1.99), daily injection drug use (aOR 1.26; 95% CI 1.01, 1.58), needle/syringe sharing (aOR 2.04; 95% CI 1.24, 3.34), recent incarceration (aOR 1.74; 95% CI 1.30, 2.32), and HIV seropositivity (aOR 7.93; 95% CI 4.12, 15.24). Additionally, 12.0% had ever tested for HCV, 4.0% had previously tested reactive for HCV antibody, and 3.7% had received an HCV diagnosis. Of diagnosed cases, 44.4% were linked to care, 15.2% initiated treatment, and 3.0% achieved sustained virologic response.

conclusionOur data show a high prevalence of HCV antibody and low engagement in HCV care, underscoring an unmet need for HCV prevention, screening, and treatment among PWID in Iran. HCV prevention and treatment programs tailored for PWID are needed to enhance harm reduction efforts and access to HCV care in Iran.

Indexed as

Drug UsersHepatitis CHIV InfectionsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousHepacivirusHumansIranPrevalenceRisk-TakingHCV treatmentHepatitis C virusHIVInjection drug useIran

Identifiers

PMID36621200
PMCPMC10440186
OpenAlexW4313429971

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.