ArticleClinical epidemiology and global health
Out-of-pocket expenditure on non-communicable diseases during Covid-19. A cross-sectional study from a semi-urban area of Kannur, Kerala.
Article in Clinical epidemiology and global health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health-seeking behavior and the related out-of-pocket expenditure for noncommunicable diseases in Erbil, Iraq: a quantile regression analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Disease-specific distress healthcare financing and catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization care in Bangladesh.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2025Article
- Out-of-pocket payments & catastrophic healthcare expenditure for non-communicable diseases: Results of a State-wide STEPS survey in north India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Cost of Care for Non-communicable Diseases: Which Types of Healthcare Providers are the Most Economical in India's Chhattisgarh State?PharmacoEconomics - open · 2024Article
- "The burden of lifestyle diseases and their impact on health service in India"-A narrative review.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Review
- Achieving Universal Health Coverage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Challenges for Policy Post-Pandemic and Beyond.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Non-communicable disease (NCD) care was drastically affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the cost incurred for NCD care during the pandemic and also to compare the cost of care of private and public facility utilizers. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 316 individuals aged 30 years and above from selected primary care facility service areas in Kannur district, Kerala. The total cost of illness for all NCDs was calculated from the patient's perspective and was estimated using a bottom-up approach. Direct, indirect, and total costs were summarized using the median with IQR. A median regression analysis was done to find the factors associated with total cost. Results: The total median direct medical cost was ₹400.0 (120-2360.0), and the total median direct non-medical cost was ₹720.0 (300.0-1200.0). The total median cost of NCD care was ₹1200.0.0 (200.0-3990.0). There was a significant association between the place of NCD service utilization and cost. The cost of availing care from private [₹2497.5 (455.0-6490.0)] was much higher compared to public facilities [₹120.0 (0-1000.0)]. Conclusion: The expenditure on NCD care during COVID-19 was high and for a private facility utilizer, it was much higher compared to a government facility utilizer. Strengthening the services through subcentres can reduce travel expenses, hence the non-medical cost of NCD care.
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