Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36619417›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2022

Development and initial validation of the attitudes toward face mask use scale (ATFMUS).

Anthony Muriithi Ireri, Cecilia Nyambura Mwangi, Vera Arhin, Martha Oigo, Stephen Mugo, Ruth Ncororo Munanu

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Anthony Muriithi IreriDepartment of Educational Psychology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Cecilia Nyambura MwangiDepartment of Educational Psychology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Vera ArhinCollege of Distance Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Martha OigoDepartment of Educational Psychology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Stephen MugoDepartment of Educational Psychology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Ruth Ncororo MunanuDepartment of Educational Psychology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kenyatta University · KEAlliant International University · USUniversity of Cape Coast · GH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite availability of instruments for measuring attitudes towards mask use, the psychometric properties of many available instruments are not adequately established which limits their research usefulness across contexts. In three studies, we developed the Attitudes Towards Face Mask Use Scale (ATFMUS) in three phases: item generation, scale development, and scale evaluation. Phase one and two were addressed in study 1 while phase three was addressed in studies 2 and 3. In Study 1, a combined online and pen-and-paper sample of 174 (78% university students) completed a questionnaire with 19 items regarding attitudes towards face mask use derived from theory, previous research, and experience. Responses were subjected to item reduction analysis, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. In Study 2, a student sample of 674 (70.5% high school) completed the new scale together with measures of COVID-19 related anxiety and obsession, personality, affect, social media use, and social desirability. Data from the ATFMUS were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and pertinent revisions done. The ATFMUS was then validated using correlation analyses, measurement invariance analyses, and known-group comparisons. In study 3, two samples of university students from Ghana (

Indexed as

AttitudesFace mask useValidation

Identifiers

PMID36619417
PMCPMC9813729
OpenAlexW4311902386

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.