ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Membrane-bound IL-2 improves the expansion, survival, and phenotype of CAR Tregs and confers resistance to calcineurin inhibitors.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strategies and mechanisms for the enhancement of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell functions.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Autoimmune thyroiditis and comorbid autoimmune diseases: global research landscape and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The Transmembrane Envelope Protein of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses Modulates Cytokine Release and Gene Expression in Human Immune Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- CAR-T cell therapy: potential for paediatric brain tumours-an update.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Engineering CAR-Tregs with Phage-Selected scFv Enables a New Paradigm for Immune Regulation.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Porcine kidney xenotransplantation: From primate models to clinical reality.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Unveiling the Scientific Landscape and Trends of Cutaneous Immune-Related Adverse Events: A Bibliometric Analysis.Cureus · 2026Review
- Regulatory T cells in cardiac allograft vasculopathy: from mechanistic insights to clinical tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Regulatory T cell therapy in solid organ transplantation: mechanisms, translational progress, and remaining barriers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CAR T cell therapy in type 1 diabetes: what we know and what remains to be explored.Biological procedures online · 2025Review
- Review
- Gene editing of CD3 epsilon to redirect regulatory T cells for adoptive T cell transfer.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Immunometabolism of Liver Xenotransplantation and Prospective Solutions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Tolerance Induction Strategies in Organ Transplantation: Current Status and Future Perspectives.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2025Review
- CXCR5 engineered human and murine Tregs for targeted suppression in secondary and tertiary lymphoid organs.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Genetic engineering of regulatory T cells for treatment of autoimmune disorders including type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2024Review
- Tipping the balance in autoimmunity: are regulatory t cells the cause, the cure, or both?Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2024Review
- Regulation of Treg cells by cytokine signaling and co-stimulatory molecules.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Regulatory T cells in dominant immunologic tolerance.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and the establishment of immune tolerance. Since Tregs do not secrete endogenous IL-2, they are especially dependent on external IL-2. IL-2 deficiency leads to lower Treg numbers, instability of the Treg phenotype and loss of immune regulation. After organ transplantation, patients are treated with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), which further limits available IL-2. Application of low-dose IL-2 expands Tregs but also activates NK and CD8+ T cells. It was recently shown that graft-specific Tregs recognizing mismatched MHC I molecules Methods: Therefore, our aim was to enhance the function and stability of transferred CAR-Tregs Results: mbIL-2 promoted higher survival, phenotypic stability, and function among CAR-Tregs than observed in clinical trials. The cells were also more stable under inflammatory conditions. In a preclinical humanized mouse model, we demonstrated that mbIL-2 CAR Tregs survive better in the Treg niche than control CAR Tregs and are even resistant to CNI therapy without affecting other Tregs, thus acting mainly in Discussion: The functional and phenotypic improvements observed after membrane-attached IL-2 expression in CAR-Tregs will be important step for enhancing CAR-Treg therapies currently being tested in clinical trials for use after kidney and liver transplantation as well as in autoimmune diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.