ArticleFrontiers in immunology2022
Vaccine-based clinical protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and the humoral immune response: A 1-year follow-up study of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving ocrelizumab.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- A multicenter, prospective cohort study on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination response in patients with multiple sclerosis in Germany.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Long-Term Observation of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response upon High Efficacy Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis-A Real-World Scenario.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Drugs Targeting CD20 in Multiple Sclerosis: Pharmacology, Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability.Drugs · 2024Review
- mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination Does Not Exacerbate Symptoms or Trigger Neural Antibody Responses in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Observational
- Long-Term Immune Response Profiles to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Infection in People with Multiple Sclerosis on Anti-CD20 Therapy.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Risk of COVID-19 in people with multiple sclerosis who are seronegative following vaccination.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Given the varying severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the rapid spread of Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome-Corona-Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccine-mediated protection of particularly vulnerable individuals has gained increasing attention during the course of the pandemic. Methods: We performed a 1-year follow-up study of 51 ocrelizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis (OCR-pwMS) who received COVID-19 vaccination in 2021. We retrospectively identified 37 additional OCR-pwMS, 42 pwMS receiving natalizumab, 27 pwMS receiving sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators, 59 pwMS without a disease-modifying therapy, and 61 controls without MS (HC). In OCR-pwMS, anti-SARS-CoV-2(S)-antibody titers were measured prior to the first and after the second, third, and fourth vaccine doses (pv2/3/4). The SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response was analyzed pv2. SARS-CoV-2 infection status, COVID-19 disease severity, and vaccination-related adverse events were assessed in all pwMS and HC. Results: We found a pronounced and increasing anti-SARS-CoV-2(S)-antibody response after COVID-19 booster vaccinations in OCR-pwMS (pv2: 30.4%, pv3: 56.5%, and pv4 90.0% were antibody positive). More than one third of OCR-pwMS without detectable antibodies pv2 developed positive antibodies pv3. 23.5% of OCR-pwMS had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, of which 84.2% were symptomatic. Infection rates were comparable between OCR-pwMS and control groups. None of the pwMS had severe COVID-19. An attenuated humoral immune response was not associated with a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discussion: Additional COVID-19 vaccinations can boost the humoral immune response in OCR-pwMS and improve clinical protection against COVID-19. Vaccines effectively protect even OCR-pwMS without a detectable COVID-19 specific humoral immune response, indicating compensatory, e.g., T cell-mediated immunological mechanisms.
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