Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36618265›Full record

ArticleMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids2023

Transcriptomic analysis of the innate immune response to

Eric Warga, Jared Anderson, Matthew Tucker, Emily Harris, Jacob Elmer

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Epigenetic regulation of transgenes.Journal of biotechnology · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Transcriptomic analysis of the immune response toMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Eric WargaDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, White Hall, Room 119, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
Jared AndersonDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, White Hall, Room 119, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
Matthew TuckerDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, White Hall, Room 119, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
Emily HarrisDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, White Hall, Room 119, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
Jacob ElmerDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Villanova University, White Hall, Room 119, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA.
Villanova University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The innate immune response to cytosolic DNA is intended to protect the host from viral infections, but it can also inhibit the delivery and expression of therapeutic transgenes in gene and cell therapies. The goal of this work was to use mRNA sequencing to identify genes that may influence transfection efficiency in four different cell types (PC-3, Jurkat, HEK-293T, and primary T cells). The highest transfection efficiency was observed in HEK-293T cells, which upregulated only 142 genes with no known antiviral functions after transfection with lipofectamine. Lipofection upregulated 1,057 cytokine-stimulated genes (CSGs) in PC-3 cells, which exhibited a significantly lower transfection efficiency. However, when PC-3 cells were transfected in serum-containing media or electroporated, the observed transfection efficiencies were significantly higher while the expression levels of cytokines and CSGs decreased. In contrast, lipofection of Jurkat and primary T cells only upregulated a few genes, but several of the antiviral CSGs that were absent in HEK-293T cells and upregulated in PC-3 cells were observed to be constitutively expressed in T cells, which may explain the relatively low Lipofection efficiencies observed with T cells (8%-21% GFP

Indexed as

cytokinescytokine-stimulated genesIFI16IKBKEinnate immune responseMT: Oligonucleotides: Therapies and applicationsMYD88plasmidSTING

Identifiers

PMID36618265
PMCPMC9800263
OpenAlexW4310730817

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.