ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Label-Free Characterization of Macrophage Polarization Using Raman Spectroscopy.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Attenuation of LPS-induced inflammatory responses in J774A.1 macrophages by phenylpropanoids and ursane triterpenes from Lavandula coronopifolia Poir.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Predicting targeted- and immunotherapeutic response outcomes in melanoma with single-cell Raman spectroscopy and AI.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Deciphering macrophage molecular responses toFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Blood Biomarker and Raman Analysis of Leukocytes in the Multicenter Intelligence Trials: At the Intensive Care Unit (Intelligence-1) and the Emergency Department (Intelligence-2).Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- USP2-mediated PPARγ stabilization promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and M2 macrophage polarization via oleic acid.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Investigating alveolar macrophages in an human ex vivo precision-cut lung slice model of SARS-CoV-2 infection using Raman spectroscopy-A case study.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Glioblastoma drives protease-independent extracellular matrix invasion of microglia.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Imaging immunometabolismImmunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2024Article
- Raman Spectroscopy as a Research and Diagnostic Tool in Clinical Hematology and Hematooncology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Macrophage polarization and its impact on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Advancing precision cancer immunotherapy drug development, administration, and response prediction with AI-enabled Raman spectroscopy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- New Trends in Pathology: From Cell Morphology to Molecular Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Insights intoInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Targeting macrophages in atherosclerosis using nanocarriers loaded with liver X receptor agonists: A narrow review.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are important cells of the innate immune system that play many different roles in host defense, a fact that is reflected by their polarization into many distinct subtypes. Depending on their function and phenotype, macrophages can be grossly classified into classically activated macrophages (pro-inflammatory M1 cells), alternatively activated macrophages (anti-inflammatory M2 cells), and non-activated cells (resting M0 cells). A fast, label-free and non-destructive characterization of macrophage phenotypes could be of importance for studying the contribution of the various subtypes to numerous pathologies. In this work, single cell Raman spectroscopic imaging was applied to visualize the characteristic phenotype as well as to discriminate between different human macrophage phenotypes without any label and in a non-destructive manner. Macrophages were derived by differentiation of peripheral blood monocytes of human healthy donors and differently treated to yield M0, M1 and M2 phenotypes, as confirmed by marker analysis using flow cytometry and fluorescence imaging. Raman images of chemically fixed cells of those three macrophage phenotypes were processed using chemometric methods of unmixing (N-FINDR) and discrimination (PCA-LDA). The discrimination models were validated using leave-one donor-out cross-validation. The results show that Raman imaging is able to discriminate between pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotypes with high accuracy in a non-invasive, non-destructive and label-free manner. The spectral differences observed can be explained by the biochemical characteristics of the different phenotypes.
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