ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Effects of Physiological and Pathological Urea Concentrations on Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of topical treatments for acanthosis nigricans: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Relationship Between Blood Urea Nitrogen to Albumin Ratio and Risks of Mortality and Delirium in Pancreatitis Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of the MIMIC-IV Database.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle-Delivered Rutin Prevents Metabolic and Oxidative Imbalance in Obesity Triggered by a High-Fat Diet: In Vivo and In Silico Studies.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Associations between kidney function with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a prospective cohort study in China.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Association Between Blood Urea Nitrogen and Delirium in Critically Ill Elderly Patients Without Kidney Diseases: A Retrospective Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Urinary exosomes as promising biomarkers for early kidney disease detection.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2025Review
- Association of blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio with arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients: a Chinese cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Association of blood urea nitrogen with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hyperlipidemia: NHANES 1999-2018.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Enhanced vasorin signaling mitigates adverse cardiovascular remodeling.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2024Review
- An enzyme-free sensor based on La-doped CoFe-layered double hydroxide decorated on reduced graphene oxide for sensitive electrochemical detection of urea.Mikrochimica acta · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Urea is the uremic toxin accumulating with the highest concentration in the plasma of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, not being completely cleared by dialysis. Urea accumulation is reported to exert direct and indirect side effects on the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, adipocytes, and cardiovascular system (CVS), although its pathogenicity is still questioned since studies evaluating its side effects lack homogeneity. Here, we investigated the effects of physiological and pathological urea concentrations on a human endothelial cell line from the microcirculation (Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells-1, HMEC-1). Urea (5 g/L) caused a reduction in the proliferation rate after 72 h of exposure and appeared to be a potential endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) stimulus. Moreover, urea induced actin filament rearrangement, a significant increase in matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) expression in the medium, and a significant up- or down-regulation of other EndMT biomarkers (keratin, fibrillin-2, and collagen IV), as highlighted by differential proteomic analysis. Among proteins whose expression was found to be significantly dysregulated following exposure of HMEC-1 to urea, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) and vasorin turned out to be down-regulated. Both proteins have been directly linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by in vitro and in vivo studies. Future experiments will be needed to deepen their role and investigate the signaling pathways in which they are involved to clarify the possible link between CKD and CVD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.